2015 Eye Movements GRC/GRS

 描述(申请人提供)：表现为眼球运动异常的情况的病因从外周肌肉病变(例如凝视麻痹)到中枢认知障碍(例如精神分裂症)。由于眼球运动是视觉感知的关键媒介，眼球运动障碍会导致严重的后果，从失明、低视力到无法执行日常任务，如阅读或过马路。了解眼球运动是如何在视觉功能服务中产生和控制的机制，是减少这些病理状态的公共健康负担的关键。我们的目标是召集职业生涯早期和成熟的眼动和视觉科学家，以达到评估我们领域的现状和绘制其未来方向的双重目的。这种及时和有重点的科学互动是在改善动眼和视觉疾病影响方面取得进展的关键。戈登研究会议(GRC)的形式以促进有意义和富有成效的互动而闻名，它创造了一个既非正式又高度关注该领域最新、最前沿研究的环境。第一次关于眼球运动的GRC是在2005年，随后是2007年、2011年和2013年的会议。每一次会议都见证了实地的概念和实际增长，2013年是迄今为止最成功的一次。除了扩大动眼神经领域的范围的一系列主题外，2013年的会议还包括有史以来第一次眼动戈登研究研讨会(GRS)，旨在促进实习生的职业生涯。抓住这一势头，我们将与2015年的GRC一起举办我们的第二次GRS，这次会议将揭示核心动眼神经问题的新视角。《精神障碍的眼球运动生物标记物》，考虑眼球运动对理解神经损伤的临床意义；《看的原因和地点：自然视觉的眼球运动》，考虑控制视觉世界动眼运动的规则；《非人灵长类动物和人类的眼场》，研究大脑控制跨物种的意志性眼球运动的异同；《就是等不及：扫视前的预见性视觉分析》，从神经生理和行为角度探讨眼球运动如何影响视觉感知；Hering还是Helmholtz？探讨共轭和非共轭凝视之间的相互作用“，研究与双眼神经控制有关的基本问题；”视觉、传出复制和概率推理：对前庭功能和发育的洞察“，展示了对视觉-前庭相互作用的最新见解；以及”光遗传学和眼动：我们学到了什么，我们能学到什么？“展望未来，考虑光遗传学的出现将如何改变人们对眼动控制的理解。本提案要求支持一项全面和前瞻性的计划，旨在传播最新知识，促进新的合作努力，并促进未来眼科医生的职业生涯，所有这些都是为了增强眼球运动研究的影响。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Conditions that manifest as abnormalities of eye movement have etiologies ranging from peripheral muscle pathology (e.g., gaze palsy) to central cognitive impairment (e.g., schizophrenia). Because eye movements are the key mediators of visual perception, disorders of ocular motility have consequences ranging in severity from blindness and low vision to the inability to perform daily tasks such as reading or crossing the street. Understanding the mechanisms of how eye movements are generated and controlled in the service of visual function holds the key to reducing the public health burden of these pathological states. Our goal is to assemble both early-career and established oculomotor and vision scientists for the dual purpose of assessing the current state of our field and for mapping its future direction. Such timely and focused scientific interaction is a key to progress on ameliorating the impact of oculomotor and visual diseases. The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) format is renowned for promoting meaningful and productive interactions by creating an environment that is at once informal and intensely focused on the very latest, cutting-edge research in the field. The first ever GRC on eye movements was in 2005, followed by meetings in 2007, 2011, and 2013. Each meeting has witnessed both conceptual and physical growth in the field, with 2013 the most successful to date. In addition to a range of topics that expanded the scope of the oculomotor field, the 2013 meeting included the first ever eye movement Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) designed to promote the careers of trainees. Seizing on this momentum, we will hold our second GRS in concert with a 2015 GRC that will reveal fresh perspectives on core oculomotor issues. "Oculomotor Biomarkers For Psychiatric Disorders", considers the clinical implications of ocular motility for understanding neurological impairment; "The Why and Where of Looking: Eye Movements for Natural Vision", considers the rules that govern oculomotor interrogation of the visual world; "Eye Fields in Nonhuman Primates and Humans", examines similarities and differences in the cortical control of volitional eye movements across species; "Just Can't Wait: Anticipatory Visual Analysis before Saccades" explores how ocular motility impacts visual perception from neurophysiological and behavioral perspectives; "Hering or Helmholtz? Probing the Interactions between Conjugate and Disconjugate Gaze", examines fundamental questions relating to the neural control of the two eyes; "Vision, Efference Copy, and Probabilistic Inference: Insights into Vestibular Function and Development, presents the latest insights into visual-vestibular interactions; and "Optogenetics and Eye Movements: What have we Learned, What can we Learn?" looks to the future to consider how the emergence of optogenetics could transform understanding of eye movement control. The present proposal requests support for a comprehensive and forward-looking program designed to disseminate the latest knowledge, foster novel collaborative efforts, and advance the careers of future oculomotorists, all in the service of enhancing the impact of oculomotor research.