Bilingualism as a cognitive reserve factor: the behavioral and neural underpinnings of cognitive control in bilingual patients with aphasia

双语作为认知储备因素：双语失语症患者认知控制的行为和神经基础

• 批准号: 10824767
• 负责人: Erin Carpenter
• 金额: $ 3.73万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10824767
• 关键词: Aging; Aphasia; Back; Behavioral; Brain Injuries; Clinical; Cognitive; Compensation; Control Groups; Dementia; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hemoglobin; Individual; Investigation; Language; Linguistics; Literature; Measures; Modality; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Production; Reaction Time; Research; Resources; Role; Specificity; Stimulus; Supination; Task Performances; Traction; Translating; Update; Validity of Results; Veins; Work; behavioral response; bilingualism; cognitive ability; cognitive control; cognitive enhancement; cognitive reserve; cognitive task; design; executive function; experience; experimental group; functional near infrared spectroscopy; hemodynamics; imaging modality; interest; language processing; neural; neuromechanism; neuropathology; neurophysiology; non-verbal; post stroke; protective factors; recruit; response; spatiotemporal; theories; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In the field of bilingualism there has been a recent shift towards investigating how the lifelong act of managing two languages may benefit bilingual individuals in aging1 and in the face of clinical neuropathology.2- 4 This vein of research is motivated by the idea that managing two or more languages requires engagement of various control processes5,6 potentially leading to more efficient execution of domain-general cognitive control, which in turn contributes to greater cognitive reserve. Determining the factors that contribute to a behavioral advantage for bilinguals as compared to monolinguals in the face of comparable clinical neuropathology requires careful consideration of the constructs being examined as well as the underlying neural activation associated with behavioral performance. Furthermore, a critical concern when examining executive functioning in particular surrounds the ecological validity of results. Using imaging modalities that allow for completing tasks in naturalistic environments (e.g., functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG)) as opposed to laying supine in a scanner (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) increases the ecological validity of results and allows for more robust interpretation and generalizability of results.7 Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine behavioral (accuracy and reaction time measures) and neural (fNIRS and EEG) responses across two patient (monolingual (MPWA) and bilingual (BPWA) patients with aphasia) and two healthy control (bilingual (BHC) and monolingual (MHC)) groups on cognitive control tasks, to disambiguate which components of executive functioning (e.g., shifting, inhibiting, and/or updating)8,9 are impacted by bilingualism and how this may translate to a cognitive reserve factor in aphasia. Aim 1: examines group differences in behavioral performance on three non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Aim 2: examines group differences in fNIRS hemodynamic response function (HRF) during non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Aim 3: examines group differences in EEG frequency band power during non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Results of this study will provide evidence of the impact of bilingualism on behavioral and neural performance and elucidate how bilingualism serves as a cognitive reserve factor in aphasia. The design of this study can be used as a framework for an ecologically valid investigation of the behavioral and neural dynamics underlying performance on cognitive tasks across bilinguals and monolinguals in neurotypical and clinical populations.

项目摘要/摘要 在双语领域，最近出现了一种转变，即研究人的终生行为是如何 掌握两种语言可能会使双语的人在年龄1和面对临床神经病理时受益。 这项研究的动机是这样一种想法，即管理两种或两种以上的语言需要 各种控制过程5，6潜在地导致更有效地执行领域一般认知控制， 这反过来又有助于更大的认知储备。确定影响行为的因素 面对类似的临床神经病理，双语者比单一语言者更具优势 需要仔细考虑被检查的结构以及潜在的神经激活 与行为表现相关。此外，在审查行政职能时，一个关键问题是 尤其是围绕结果的生态有效性。使用允许完成的成像模式 自然环境中的任务(例如，功能性近红外光谱(FNIRS)和 脑电(EEG))，而不是仰卧在扫描仪中(例如，功能磁共振 成像(FMRI))增加了结果的生态有效性，并允许更稳健的解释和 结果的概括性。7 因此，这项研究的目标是检查行为(准确性和反应时测量)和 两名患者(单语患者(MPWA)和双语患者(BPWA))的神经反应(fNIR和EEG) 和两个健康对照组(双语组和单语组)的认知控制 任务，以澄清执行职能的哪些组成部分(例如，转移、抑制和/或更新)8，9 受到双语能力的影响，以及这可能如何转化为失语症中的认知储备因素。目标1： 考察了在三个非语言认知控制任务上的行为表现的群体差异 患者和健康对照组中的双语者和单语者。目标2：检查以下方面的群体差异 双语者在非言语认知控制任务中的血流动力学反应功能 患者和健康对照组中的单语者。目标3：检查组内脑电频率的差异 双语者和单语者在非语言认知控制任务中的频带功率 健康对照组。这项研究的结果将为双语对行为的影响提供证据 和神经表现，并阐明双语如何在失语症中作为认知储备因素。这个 这项研究的设计可以作为生态有效的行为和行为调查的框架 双语者和单语者在认知任务中的神经动力学表现 和临床人群。