Social Media, Online Measures, and Substance Use Development in Adolescent Twins

描述(申请人提供)：许多人，尤其是青少年，使用一种或多种形式的社交媒体。社交媒体公司，包括谷歌、Facebook、Twitter、微软、Pinterest和雅虎！为了保护用户隐私和商业利益，不要向外人提供访问社交媒体使用数据的权限。即使你在一家大型社交媒体公司工作，分析不同网站的用户活动也是具有挑战性的，甚至是不可能的。调查社交媒体行为及其如何影响健康行为，包括物质使用和依赖，将从超越社交媒体边界的研究中受益。它还需要个体水平的参与者行为、健康和环境背景的知识，如果没有个人水平的临床评估，这些知识是很难或不可能获得的。因此，目前尚不清楚社交媒体接触是否以及如何与物质使用和依赖有关，这种关系在青春期是如何演变的，或者这种关系中个体差异的原因是什么。现在 应用程序的定位是通过结合新技术和标准的面对面临床评估来解决这个广泛的问题，所有这些都适用于科罗拉多州的一对青少年双胞胎样本。该应用程序将整合面对面的临床、认知和环境评估、在线纵向调查、地理空间位置记录以及在线和社交媒体行为监控。有了这些数据，我们将1)监测400对双胞胎青少年的社交媒体使用和暴露情况；2)将这400对双胞胎中的社交媒体行为方面与已知和验证的行为去抑制、物质使用和依赖以及物质使用的环境风险的面对面评估联系起来；3)评估社交媒体、GPS和在线监测在多大程度上可以为物质使用/依赖、行为去抑制和环境风险因素提供新颖、准确和高效的评估。在验证在线数据收集措施后，我们将测试社交媒体使用指标(例如，使用时间、发布/阅读/搜索与药物相关的内容)和物质使用之间的纵向关联，利用孪生设计分析遗传和环境因素对这些关联的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many individuals, and especially adolescents, use one or more forms of social media. Social media companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft, Pinterest, and Yahoo! do not provide outsiders with access to social media usage data, to protect user privacy and commercial interests. Even if one works for a large social media company, analyses of user activity across the boundaries of different sites are challenging or impossible. Investigating social media behavior and how it affects health behavior, including substance use and dependence, will benefit from studies that transcend social media boundaries. It also requires individual-level knowledge of participant behavior, health, and environmental context, which are difficult or impossible to obtain without individual-level clinical assessment. As such, it is currently unknown if and how social media exposure may relate to substance use and dependence, how this relationship evolves during adolescence, or the etiological sources of individual differences in this relationship. The present application is positioned to address this broad question through a combination of novel technology and standard in-person clinical assessment, all applied to a sample of adolescent twins from Colorado. The application will integrate in-person clinical, cognitive, and environmental assessment, online longitudinal surveys of the same, geospatial position logging, and monitoring of online and social media behavior. With these data, we will 1) monitor social media use and exposure for 400 adolescent twin pairs for a full year; 2) link aspects of social media behavior in these 400 twin pairs to known and validated in-person assessments of behavioral disinhibition, substance use and dependence, and environmental risk for substance use; and 3) evaluate the extent to which social media, GPS, and online monitoring can provide novel, accurate, and highly efficient assessments of substance use/dependence, behavioral disinhibition, and environmental risk factors for substance use/dependence. After validating the online data collection measures, we will test for longitudinal associations between indicators of social media use (e.g., duration of use, posting/reading/searching for drug- related content) and substance use, utilizing the twin design to parse the genetic and environmental contributions to these associations.