Comprehensive Longitudinal Probabilistic Atlas of the Brain of Older Adults Without Dementia

摘要 一个全面的数字地图集代表老年人的大脑没有痴呆症还没有 构建了大量的脑磁共振成像（MRI）研究现在集中在 对没有痴呆的老年人进行研究，以阐明大脑特征在支持痴呆机制中的作用。 认知健康或导致认知能力下降，最终目标是制定预防 认知障碍由MRI模板和语义标签组成的人脑图谱是一个关键的 在神经成像中的作用，主要是为了便于空间标准化和自动分割， 体素、感兴趣区域和网络分析。提高灵敏度和特异性 对无痴呆症的老年人进行神经影像学研究需要一套全面的高- 代表被调查个体的大脑特征的质量模板， 标签准确地映射大脑感兴趣的区域。然而，还没有为这些国家制作这样的地图集。 没有痴呆的老年人的大脑。可用的大脑老化的模板已经产生了只有少数 MRI模式（主要是T1加权MRI），一些包括来自痴呆症患者的信息，几乎所有都是 根据人数不多、年龄跨度大的人，有些是低质量的，没有一个包括关于 个体参与者，都缺少与衰老相关的重要信息，都缺乏详细的灰色和 白色物质标签。因此，在神经成像工具中存在重大差距，这实质上限制了神经成像的准确性和可靠性。 增加了非痴呆老年人关键组中MRI检查的复杂性。 拟议工作的目标是开发一个高质量的、全面的、纵向的概率地图集 没有痴呆症的老年人的大脑。我们最近开发并发布了NIH资助的IIT ICBM-152空间中年轻成年人大脑的人脑图谱（v.4.1），因其 一套全面的大脑模板、最先进的弥散张量和高角分辨率弥散 成像（HARDI）模板、概率性灰质标签和基于概率性HARDI连通性的白色 标签问题此外，我们已经收集了大量良好的多模态脑MRI数据- 通过我们在纵向、流行病学、临床-病理学方面的工作， 拉什阿尔茨海默病中心的老龄化队列研究。因此，我们建议利用我们的a） 脑图谱开发方面的专业知识，以及B）关于一个大型社区队列的可用多模态MRI数据， 良好的特点，非痴呆老年人，以制定一个高质量的，多渠道，纵向， 没有痴呆的老年人大脑的概率图谱。这项工作的顺利完成将带来 提出了一套强大的资源，将大大提高准确性，降低MRI的复杂性 在无痴呆症的老年人的关键组的调查。新的资源将长期 在预防认知障碍和促进健康老龄化和生活质量方面的意义。

ABSTRACT A comprehensive digital atlas representative of the brain of older adults without dementia has not been constructed. An overwhelming number of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are now focusing on older adults without dementia to elucidate the role of brain characteristics in the mechanisms supporting cognitive health or leading to cognitive decline, with an ultimate goal to develop strategies for prevention of cognitive impairment. Human brain atlases consisting of MRI templates and semantic labels serve a critical role in neuroimaging, by mainly facilitating spatial normalization and automated segmentation for the purposes of voxel-wise, region-of-interest, and network analyses. Increasing the sensitivity and specificity of neuroimaging research on older adults without dementia requires an atlas with a comprehensive set of high- quality templates representative of the brain characteristics of the individuals under investigation, and detailed labels accurately mapping brain regions of interest. However, such an atlas has not been constructed for the brain of older adults without dementia. Available templates of the aging brain have been generated for only few MRI modalities (mainly T1-weighted MRI), several include information from demented individuals, almost all are based on small numbers of persons with a wide age-range, some are of low quality, none includes data on the individual participants, all are missing important information pertinent to aging, and all lack detailed gray and white matter labels. Thus, there is a major gap in neuroimaging tools substantially limiting the accuracy and increasing the complexity of MRI investigations in the critical group of non-demented older adults. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a high-quality, comprehensive, longitudinal, probabilistic atlas of the brain of older adults without dementia. We have recently developed and released the NIH-funded IIT Human Brain Atlas (v.4.1) for the young adult brain in ICBM-152 space, rapidly attracting attention for its comprehensive set of brain templates, state-of-the-art diffusion tensor and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) templates, probabilistic gray matter labels, and probabilistic HARDI connectivity-based white matter labels. Furthermore, we have already collected multimodal brain MRI data on a large number of well- characterized older adults without dementia through our work in longitudinal, epidemiologic clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging at Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. Therefore, we propose to leverage our a) expertise in brain atlas development, and b) available multimodal MRI data on a large community cohort of well-characterized non-demented older persons, in order to develop a high-quality, multi-channel, longitudinal, probabilistic atlas of the brain of older adults without dementia. Successful completion of this work will bring forth a powerful set of resources that will substantially increase the accuracy and reduce the complexity of MRI investigations in the critical group of older adults without dementia. The new resources will have long-term implications in prevention of cognitive impairment and promotion of healthy aging and quality of life.