CRCNS: Model-driven single-neuron studies of cortical remapping

描述（由申请人提供）：在自然视觉期间，人类和非人类灵长类动物每秒进行几次扫视眼球运动，这导致视网膜输入的巨大变化。尽管有这些戏剧性的变化，我们的视觉感知仍然非常稳定，我们可以很容易地注意到和指导运动动作对我们的视觉环境中的物体。该项目将使用模型驱动的方法来研究连接视觉，注意力和视觉规划的神经回路，这些神经回路在自然视觉期间稳定感知和注意力表征。将收集实验数据并用于设计涉及眼跳补偿的视觉和动眼区域的详细计算模型。计算（DE）和实验神经生理（US）实验室之间的拟议合作利用了这两个学科的力量。在Hamker实验室开发的视觉引导行为和跨扫视整合的生物学精确模型将指导从清醒的神经生理学实验中获得的数据的设计和解释，行为灵长类动物在Mazer实验室以迭代的方式进行，实验结果通知模型修订和新的模型预测改变实验设计。拟议的研究将描述背侧和腹侧流视觉区的贡献，稳定的视觉和注意力的陈述在灵长类动物脑。从这些实验中获得的数据将确定负责整合视觉命令、自下而上的视觉输入和自上而下的注意信号的神经回路。这种方法将产生新的见解之间的相互作用的背侧和腹侧流在自然视觉和促进我们的理解目标导向的，主动的视觉感知，人类和非人类灵长类动物的自然视觉的定义功能。该项目的一个关键组成部分是计划研究的高度协作性。我们期望从这种跨学科的方法中获得巨大的好处，这种方法严格依赖于严格遵守已知生理和解剖约束的计算模型来指导我们的神经生理学实验。 1.训练该提案包括一项详细的培训计划，旨在促进未来建模人员和神经生理学家的国际培训。具体而言，我们将培养学生和博士后研究人员成为实验和理论方法的专家，以便使用提案中概述的混合方法来推进该领域。 2.教育和推广。我们计划举办两个关于注意力和眼球运动的深入研讨会。这些活动（一个在德国，一个在美国）将汇集来自其他机构和相关科学学科的研究人员，以推动该领域的发展。此外，研究者将在年会上组织和主持1-2次研讨会/专题讨论会（例如，SFN和COSYNE）。最后，我们将通过耶鲁大学的STARS计划，通过在Mazer实验室提供培训，研究和指导机会，参与代表性不足的群体的科学教育。 3.数据共享。在此项目期间生成的软件工具和收集的行为和神经生理数据将分发给神经科学界，以促进数据挖掘和实验数据的二次分析。 4.对其他科学领域的影响。有限传感器资源的有效分配也是计算机视觉和机器人研究人员面临的重要问题。了解灵长类动物的大脑如何使用主动感知方法有效地分配视觉资源，将指导生物启发的计算机视觉算法和人形认知机器人的开发。 5.翻译的影响。虽然这项研究并不是翻译性的，但越来越多的证据表明，包括自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍和精神分裂症在内的几种临床上重要的疾病与扫视规划和视觉注意力之间的行为联系受损有关。拟议的基础科学研究可能对未来的转化研究产生重大影响，可能导致更好地了解疾病病因，开发早期诊断工具和可能的干预策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During natural vision humans and non-human primates make several saccadic eye movements each second that result in large changes in the retinal input. Despite these often dramatic changes, our visual percept remains remarkably stable and we can readily attend to and direct motor actions towards objects in our visual environment. This project will use a model-driven approach to investigate the neural circuits linking vision, attention and oculomotor planning that stabilize perceptual and attentional representations during natural vision. Experimental data will be collected and used to design a detailed computational model of the visual and oculomotor areas involved in saccade compensation. The proposed collaboration between a computational (DE) and experimental neurophysiological (US) laboratories leverages the power of both disciplines. Biologically accurate models of visually guided behavior and trans-saccadic integration developed in the Hamker lab will guide the design of and interpretation of data obtained from neurophysiological experiments in awake, behaving primates performed in the Mazer lab in an iterative fashion, with experimental results informing model revisions and new model predictions altering experimental designs. The proposed studies will characterize both dorsal and ventral stream visual area contributions to stabilizing visual and attentional representations in the primate brai. Data obtained from these experiments will identify the neural circuits responsible for integrating oculomotor commands, bottom-up visual inputs and top-down attention signals. This approach will yield novel insights into interactions between the dorsal and ventral streams during natural vision and facilitate our understanding of goal-directed, active visual perception, a defining feature of human and non-human primate natural vision. A critical component of this project is the highly collaborative nature of the planned research. We expect great benefits from this interdisciplinary approach, which depends critically on computational models that strictly adhere to the known physiological and anatomical constraints to guide our neurophysiological experiments. 1. Training. The proposal includes a detailed training plan intended to facilitate international training of future modelers and neurophysiologists. Specifically, we will train students and post-doctoral researchers to be experts in both experimental and theoretical approaches in order to advance the field using the hybrid approach outlined in the proposal. 2. Education and Outreach. We plan to organize two in-depth workshops on attention and eye movements. These events (one in Germany and one in the US) will bring together investigators from other institutions and related scientific disciplines to advance the field. In addition investigators will organize and chair 1-2 workshops/symposia at annual meetings (e.g., SFN and COSYNE) during the funding period. Finally, we will participate in science education for underrepresented groups through Yale's STARS program by providing training, research and mentoring opportunities in the Mazer lab. 3. Data Sharing. The software tools generated and behavioral and neurophysiological data collected during this project will be distributed to the neuroscience community to facilitate data mining and secondary analyses of experimental data. 4. Impact in other scientific fields. Efficient allocation of limited sensor resources is also a important problem faced by computer vision and robotics researchers. Understanding how the primate brain efficiently allocates visual resources using an active-sensing approach will guide development of biologically inspired computer vision algorithms and humanoid cognitive robots. 5. Translational Implications. Although the proposed research is not translational, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that several clinically important conditions, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Schizophrenia, are associated with impaired behavioral links between saccade planning and visual attention. The proposed basic science studies could have significant implications for future translational research potentially leading to improved understanding disease etiology, development of early diagnostic tools and possible interventional strategies.