Characterization of a commensal enteric virus
Characterization of a commensal enteric virus
批准号:
9298638
负责人:
Ken Hashigiwa Cadwell
金额:
$44.93万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2011
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2011-09-20 至 2020-05-31
关键词:
Acute DiseaseAddressAdverse effectsAffectAnimal ModelAnimalsAntibioticsAntiviral AgentsAttentionAutophagocytosisBacteriaBacterial InfectionsCategoriesChemical InjuryCrohn&aposs diseaseDataDendritic CellsDevelopmentDiseaseEnteralEquationExperimental ModelsFunctional disorderFundingGastroenteritisGastrointestinal tract structureGenomeGerm-FreeHealthHomeostasisHumanHyperactive behaviorImmuneImmune responseImmune systemIndividualInfectionInflammatoryInflammatory Bowel DiseasesInflammatory ResponseInjuryInterferon Type IInterferonsInterventionIntestinesKnowledgeLinkMediatingModelingMolecularMusMutant Strains MiceMutationNatureNorovirusOpportunistic InfectionsPathogenesisPathogenicityPathologyPathway interactionsPhysiologyProcessPropertyRNA VirusesReactionResolutionRoleSafetyShapesSideSusceptibility GeneSymbiosisSystemT-LymphocyteT-Lymphocyte SubsetsTestingTherapeutic InterventionTissuesTreatment EfficacyViralVirusVirus DiseasesWild Type Mouseadverse outcomebasecommensal animalcommensal microbescytokinedesignexperimental studygraft vs host diseasegut microbiomeimprovedinsightinterleukin-22intestinal homeostasismembermicrobiomemicrobiota transplantationmouse modelmutantnovelpathogenprebioticsresponseresponse to injuryrisk varianttargeted treatmenttraitviromevirus host interaction
中文摘要
项目总结:
肠道微生物群对人类健康有根本性的影响,从增强免疫功能到增强免疫功能都有。
防御措施包括诱导导致炎症性肠病(IBD)的炎症性免疫反应。
在了解肠道细菌如何唤起这些有益的物质和有害的物质方面,已经取得了进展。
免疫应答来自肠道宿主。相比之下,人们对肠道内环境平衡如何调控知之甚少。
由于病毒微生物群的主要病毒组成分,也就是病毒组,在很大程度上是由于大多数动物模型的缺席。
使我们能够对共生病毒进行功能研究。我们发现,小鼠诺如病毒(MNV)的感染可以保护动物。
无菌的小鼠和经过抗生素治疗的小鼠从肠道损伤中幸存下来,这表明一种新的肠道动物和病毒可以。
取而代之的是通常由共生细菌提供的有益的功能。我们还展示了MNV的功能。
在携带ATg16L1基因突变的小鼠中诱导炎症性疾病病理改变,这是一种易感基因突变。
自噬的细胞和降解过程是必不可少的。因此,我们以一种类似于细菌的方式进行研究。
MNV微生物群的成员不仅可以是有益的,而且还可以在一种在遗传上易感的疾病中发挥调节作用。
主持人。我们将提议将MNV和小鼠的感染风险作为一种新的模式,以解决围绕MNV如何感染的根本问题。
一种常见的动物禽流感病毒会影响肠道内的动态平衡。我们将从基因上操纵宿主和动物。
病毒专家试图定义这类病毒的主要分子生物学特征,但没有充分认识到宿主-微生物群相互作用的类别。
除了检测外,在病毒介导的肠道免疫保护过程中,特定的免疫信号通路也发挥着重要作用。
此外,我们还将调查Atg16L1基因的突变是如何扰乱这种反应的,否则我们就不会做出有益的反应。
这将决定是否可以将对MNV病毒的有益反应和不良反应完全脱钩。
对肠道病毒的定性研究,除了它们作为主要病原体的作用外,还将变得越来越必要。
改善以微生物群为目标的新疗法的安全性和有效性。我们还预计将发现一种新的疗法。
细菌不依赖的信号通路参与了肠道损伤和反应机制的研究,以及IBD的发病机制。
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
The gut microbiome has fundamental effects on human health, which range from enhancing immune
defense to inducing the inflammatory reactions that underlie inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Much
progress has been made towards understanding how intestinal bacteria evoke these beneficial and harmful
immune responses from the host. By comparison, little is known about how intestinal homeostasis is regulated
by the viral component of the microbiome, the virome, in large part owing to the absence of animal models that
enable functional studies of commensal viruses. We found that murine norovirus (MNV) infection protects
germ-free mice and antibiotics-treated mice from intestinal injury, indicating that an intestinal animal virus can
replace the beneficial functions typically provided by commensal bacteria. We also demonstrated that MNV
induces inflammatory pathologies in mice with a mutation in Atg16L1, an IBD susceptibility gene that is
essential for the cellular degradative process of autophagy. Therefore, in a manner analogous to bacterial
members of the microbiome, MNV can be beneficial while also mediating disease in a genetically susceptible
host. We propose to use MNV infection of mice as a model to address fundamental questions surrounding how
a commensal animal virus affects intestinal homeostasis. We will genetically manipulate both the host and the
virus to define the molecular features of this underappreciated category of host-microbiome interaction. In
addition to testing the role of specific immune pathways during virus-mediated protection against intestinal
injury, we will investigate how mutation of Atg16L1 disrupts this otherwise beneficial response. Moreover, we
will determine whether the beneficial and adverse responses to MNV can be decoupled. Functional
characterization of intestinal viruses, beyond their role as pathogens, will become increasingly necessary to
improve the safety and efficacy of therapies that target the microbiome. We also anticipate identifying new
bacteria-independent pathways involved in the intestinal injury response and IBD pathogenesis.
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海外基金