ULTRAFAST OPTICAL PROCESSES LABORATORY

宾夕法尼亚大学的超快激光资源正在建立包括药物设计在内的生物和生物医学研究中的多维红外光谱技术。实验室的组成部分是对推进二维红外方法的综合多方面攻击。每个研发都在红外技术的前沿动态发展，它们是相互支持的。二维红外在生物医学应用中的效用正在大幅增加。就在去年，一种蛋白质的结构已经被二维红外测定出来。TR&D的#1专注于光触发状态，该技术结合了光学和红外方法，在非平衡动态过程中获得二维红外结构时间相关信息。TR&D #2涉及双频二维红外，它将具有广泛分离的蛋白质和质子通道频率的两种模式的激发结合成二维光谱。TR&D#3涉及结构确定的专业化，以先前使用二维红外的研究为基础，通过改进方法，专门针对蛋白质结构在时间尺度上的平衡动力学，这是其他结构方法无法实现的。6个DBF包括：(1)甲型流感病毒的M2质子通道：通道水的性质（W.F.降解，UCSF）。(2)淀粉样蛋白A40原纤维的结构和动力学及其形成动力学（P. Abelson, Upend）(3)光触发构象变化（A.B. Smith, Upend）(4)推动线性和非线性红外光谱的结构分辨率极限（F. Gai, Upend）(5)光学触发-红外探针光谱的自由基对动力学（S. Vinogradov, Upend）(6)利用二维红外方法和MD模拟探测HlV-1 RT/抑制剂复合物的光谱和动力学（E. Arnold, Rutgers）。该提案还包括七个协作和服务项目(1)腈和叠氮化物探针（Brewer）(2)质子化组氨酸（Londergan）(3)淀粉样蛋白荧光（Petersson）(4)血液凝固（Knshnaswamy）(5)激酶模型（Sarkar）(6)淀粉样蛋白动力学（Dai）(7)氧显微镜（Vinogradov），资源为用户提供培训，并广泛传播。

The Ultrafast Laser Resource at the University of Pennsylvania is founding the technoogies for multidimensional infrared spectroscopy in biological and biomedical research including drug design. The components of the laboratory are an integrated multifaceted attack on advancing two dimensional infrared methods. Each TR&D is dynamically evolving at the cutting edge of infrared technology, they are mutually supportive. The utility of 2D IR in biomedical applications is increasing substantially. Just within the last year a protein structure has been determined by 2D IR. TR&D's #1 focuses on phototriggered states, the technology combines optical and infrared methods to obtain 2D IR structural-time dependent information during nonequilibrium dynamical processes. The TR&D #2 concerns dual frequency 2D IR which combines into a two dimensional spectrum the excitation of two modes having widely separated frequencies of proteins and proton channels. TR&D#3 involves a specialization on structure determination, to build on previous studies using 2D IR, by improvements in the methodology that are specifically geared towards the equilibrium dynamics of structures of proteins on time scales that have not been achieved by other structural methods. Six DBF's are included: (1)The M2 proton channel of the Influenza A virus: properties of channel water (W.F. DeGrado, UCSF).(2)The structure and dynamics of amyloid A40 fibrils and their formation kinetics (P. Abelson, Upend) (3) Phototriggering of conformational change (A.B. Smith, Upend)) (4) Pushing the Structural Resolution Limit of Linear and Nonlinear Infrared Spectroscopies (F. Gai, Upend) (5) Radical pair dynamics by optically triggered - IR probe spectroscopy (S. Vinogradov, Upend) (6) Spectroscopy and dynamics of HlV-1 RT/inhibitor complexes probed by 2D IR methods and MD simulations (E. Arnold, Rutgers). The proposal also includes seven Collaborative and Service projects on (1) Nitrile and Azide probes (Brewer) (2) Protonated histidines (Londergan) (3) Amyloid fluorescence (Petersson)(4) Blood coagulation (Knshnaswamy) (5) Kinases models (Sarkar)(6)Amyloid kinetics (Dai) (7) Oxygen microscopy (Vinogradov), The Resource provides training for users, and the work is widely disseminated.