How Father & Grandparent Household Transitions Impact Child Growth and Cognition

项目总结 父亲和祖父母的家庭转变如何影响孩子的成长和认知 成年家庭成员通过各种机制影响孩子的发展，例如提供 为儿童提供资源，与他们互动，并影响家庭决策。虽然有很多研究 发现了父亲缺席对孩子发展的负面影响， 机制尚未确定。此外，祖父母在他们的生活中可以发挥很大的作用 孙辈的生活和祖父母参与的家庭结构的变化也会对孩子产生类似的影响 发展。我将接受培训和指导，这样我就能够从事独立研究，寻求 理解父亲和祖父母对孩子发展的影响，即使这些家庭成员 是非与儿童共存的，并确定驱动结果的机制。 拉丁美洲是研究这些关联的理想地点，因为纵向数据表明 年幼的儿童经历了家庭结构的重大转变，包括祖父母 过渡：三代家庭是一种文化规范。使用来自五个拉丁语的纵向调查数据 我将记录在童年时期经历的家庭转变，并测试这些转变是如何 与儿童发展成果有关。我还将确定家庭之间的调解因素 过渡和儿童发展成果。由于调查将不会有所有假设的变量 调解人(如非同居家庭成员与儿童互动的细节)我将适应和 验证来自其他来源的针对母亲、父亲和外祖母的关于这些问题的调查问题 潜在的路径。2019年，智利具有全国代表性的幼儿纵向调查将 包括这些工具。所有母亲的问题都会被问到，而一部较小的手机 调查将询问父亲和祖母(家庭内外)。使用这些新数据，我 将评估关于家庭过渡如何影响儿童发展的其他调解途径。通过 将有关家庭结构的文献扩展到涉及祖父母的转变，并通过提供小说 关于非同居家庭成员的数据，我的研究将衡量家庭之间的关联 过渡和儿童发展，并提供证据支持哪些途径是相关的。 为了加强我的研究，我将接受儿童科学和理论方面的指导和培训 发展。在测量和仪器设计方面的额外指导和培训将为我提供 项目评估的基本工具。这些新技能与研究结果相结合，突出了 将家庭转型和儿童发展联系起来的潜在机制，将使我为撰写R01做好准备 对一项计划进行调整和评估的赠款，该计划旨在帮助儿童通过父亲和母亲的家庭过渡 在智利的背景下，祖父母。

PROJECT SUMMARY How Father & Grandparent Household Transitions Impact Child Growth and Cognition Adult family members influence child development through a variety of mechanisms such as providing resources for children, interacting with them, and influencing family decision-making. Though much research has found negative effects of father absence on child development, the relative importance of the mechanisms has not been determined. Furthermore, grandparents can play a large role in their grandchildren’s lives and changes in family structure involving grandparents could similarly impact child development. I will be trained and mentored so I am able to engage in independent research that seeks to understand the impacts of fathers and grandparents on child development, even when these family members are non-coresident with the children, and to identify mechanisms that drive the results. Latin America is an ideal location for studying these associations because longitudinal data indicate young children experience a significant degree of transitions in household structure, including grandparent transitions: three-generational households are a cultural norm. Using longitudinal survey data from five Latin American countries, I will document household transitions experienced during childhood and test how these are associated with child development outcomes. I will also identify mediating factors between household transitions and child development outcomes. Since the surveys will not have variables for all hypothesized mediators (such as the details of non-coresident family members’ interactions with the child) I will adapt and validate survey questions from other sources for mothers, fathers, and maternal grandmothers about those potential pathways. In 2019, Chile’s nationally representative Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood will include these instruments. Questions for the mothers will be asked of all mothers, while a smaller phone survey will question fathers and grandmothers (both inside and outside the household). Using this new data, I will assess additional mediation pathways as to how household transitions influence child development. By extending the literature on household structure to transitions involving grandparents and by providing novel data on non-coresident family members, my research will measure the associations between household transitions and child development and provide evidence supporting which pathways are pertinent. To strengthen my research, I will be mentored and trained in the science and theory of child development. Additional mentorship and training in measurement and instrument design will provide me with essential tools for project evaluation. These new skills, combined with the research results highlighting potential mechanisms linking household transitions and child development, will prepare me to write an R01 grant that adapts and evaluates a program to help children through household transitions of fathers and grandparents in the Chilean context.