Memory development and its influence on reasoning and prospection

项目总结/摘要 推理和设想个人未来事件（即，前瞻性）与积极的学术 习惯、健康决策和心理健康。尽管这些能力很重要， 迄今为止的研究已经检查了其发展背后的神经机制。拟议项目将 直接解决文献中的这一空白。它建立在理论和经验工作与成年人建议， 由前海马（aHPC）和内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）支持的记忆整合 在推理和展望中起着关键作用，以及研究表明，儿童有一个不成熟的 aHPC-mPFC电路和存储器集成的限制。我们预测，推理和展望， 因此，儿童期可能依赖于由后HPC（pHPC）和侧HPC支持的更有效的策略。 PFC（lPFC），其中存储器彼此保持不同，然后在必要时重新组合。 在两个实验中，儿童（8-10岁）和成人（24-30岁）将完成评估记忆的任务 整合、推理和展望。记忆整合和推理将使用成对的 联想推理任务（扫描），和前瞻性将使用一个任务，其中参与者测量 提供个人未来事件的叙述（未扫描）。多模式神经影像技术 （结构MRI、高分辨率和静息态fMRI）和先进的分析方法（多体素模式 分析）将用于测试实验预测。该项目的结果将提供大量的 对神经认知理论的发展作出贡献，并对推理进行展望，具有潜力 为旨在提高这两种能力的干预措施提供重要的见解，特别是在 在记忆、推理或展望方面有缺陷的人群（即，患有自闭症、抑郁症或 精神分裂症）。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Reasoning and envisioning personal future events (i.e., prospection) are associated with positive academic habits, healthy decision making, and psychological well-being. Despite the importance of these abilities, no study to date has examined the neural mechanisms underlying their development. The proposed project will directly address this gap in the literature. It builds on theory and empirical work with adults suggesting that memory integration supported by the anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a critical role in both reasoning and prospection, as well as research showing that children have an immature aHPC-mPFC circuit and limitations in memory integration. We predict that reasoning and prospection in childhood may therefore rely on a more effortful strategy supported by the posterior HPC (pHPC) and lateral PFC (lPFC), wherein memories are kept distinct from one another and then recombined when necessary. Across two experiments, children (8-10 years) and adults (24-30 years) will complete tasks assessing memory integration, reasoning, and prospection. Memory integration and reasoning will be measured using a paired associative inference task (scanned), and prospection will be measured using a task in which participants provide narratives of envisioned personal future events (not scanned). Multimodal neuroimaging techniques (structural MRI, high-resolution and resting-state fMRI) and advanced analysis methods (multi-voxel pattern analysis) will be used to test experimental predictions. Results from this project would provide a substantial contribution to theory on the neurocognitive development of reasoning and prospection, and have the potential to provide critical insight into interventions designed to improve both of these abilities, especially within populations with deficits in memory, reasoning, or prospection (i.e., individuals with autism, depression, or schizophrenia).