Perceptual Learning and Memory Consolidation in Adults with and without Language Impairment

项目总结 患有(特定)语言障碍(LI)的成年人面临着终生挑战，这是一种常见的 影响美国7%人口的学习障碍(Tomblin等人，1997年)。尽管有记录的困难 患有李氏综合症的成年人的教育程度、职业结果和法律地位(Bryan等人，2007；续 Ramsden等人，2009年；Johnson等人，2010年)，关于成人李氏综合症的研究几乎被忽视了 文学。因此，我们对以下人员面临的教育和职业成就障碍知之甚少 青壮年伴有LI等潜在的学习记忆障碍。 我们最近的工作发现，在对新的(非母语的)声学-语音进行知觉训练后， 信息，睡眠有助于改善具有典型语言的成年人的感知能力，但对于患有 李的历史。知觉学习中的记忆巩固如何与LI中更广泛的记忆编码相关 但很清楚。为此，我们的目标是确定这些任务的表现如何影响相对优势和 众所周知的记忆系统的弱点：具体地说，程序性记忆和陈述性记忆。此外， 我们必须了解线下整合中这种观察到的行为失败背后的神经机制。 因此，这项提案中概述的研究试图确定知觉与 学习和陈述性和程序性记忆，并确定潜在的神经机制 黎族存在固结失败的行为现象。我们的目标将通过结合行为来实现 已建立的程序性和陈述性学习任务和我们的知觉学习任务中的数据。我们还将 扩展我们关于感知学习的行为协议以研究训练语音的神经处理 在睡前和睡后使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)技术。即将到来的知识 通过本研究获得的信息将揭示LI个体记忆巩固的时间进程，并提示 成人语音习得的认知基础更广泛。此外，通过定义 这是实现目标的潜在关键障碍，这一知识可能有助于改善补救结果 对于患有这种常见发育障碍的年轻人来说。通过建议的 该项目将有助于四个领域的研究：(具体)语言障碍，言语感知，第二 语言学习和记忆巩固。 。

PROJECT SUMMARY There are lifelong challenges faced by adults with (Specific) Language Impairment (LI), a common learning disability that affects 7% of the US population (Tomblin et al., 1997). Despite documented difficulties in educational attainment, vocational outcome, and legal standing for adults with LI (Bryan et al., 2007; Conti- Ramsden et al.,2009; Johnson et al.,2010), research on adults with LI have been all but been ignored in the literature. As a result, we know very little about the barriers to educational and vocational attainment faced by young adults with LI, such as the potential impairment in learning and memory. Our recent work has found that, following perceptual training on new (nonnative) acoustic-phonetic information, sleep facilitates improved perceptual ability in adults with typical language, but not in adults with a history of LI. How memory consolidation in perceptual learning relates to broader memory encoding in LI is not yet clear. To this end, we aim to establish how performance on these tasks inform relative strengths and weaknesses in well-understood memory systems: specifically, procedural and declarative memory. Furthermore, we must understand the neural mechanism underlying this observed behavioral failure in offline consolidation. Therefore, the research outlined in this proposal seeks to determine the association between perceptual learning and declarative and procedural memory, and to identify the neural mechanism underlying the behavioral phenomenon of consolidation failure in LI. Our aims will be addressed by combining behavioral data in established procedural and declarative learning tasks with our perceptual learning task. We will also extend our behavioral protocol on perceptual learning to investigate neural processing of trained speech sounds before and after sleep using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. The knowledge to be gained through this research will inform the time course of memory consolidation in individuals with LI, and inform the cognitive substrates of speech sound acquisition in adulthood more broadly. Furthermore, by defining a potentially critical obstacle to achievement, this knowledge may contribute to improving remediation outcomes for young adults with this common developmental disability. The knowledge to be gained through the proposed project will contribute to four areas of research: (Specific) Language Impairment, speech perception, second language learning, and memory consolidation. .