Parental Emotion Socialization and Protective Factors Related to Child Psychosocial Outcomes in the Context of Military Families and PTSD

军事服务人员/退伍军人（SM/V）的部署和重返社会过程造成了压力， 性暴力/性暴力受害者及其家庭的环境，这可能使儿童面临不良后果的风险。这种风险 当SM/V有更严重的PTSD症状时会加剧。这种高风险环境与 与儿童未来心理社会问题的发展有关。另一方面，许多孩子对 这样的问题，并表现出健康的调整。人们对哪些因素影响一个 在这种情况下，孩子会经历消极或积极的结果，但养育可能起着关键作用。那里 有证据表明，创伤后应激障碍的症状会使SM/V及其伴侣难以养育子女，但进一步 需要研究受创伤后应激障碍影响的具体育儿过程。我们也不知道 SM/V及其伴侣的父母教养方式和行为如何相互作用以影响儿童。本研究探讨 创伤后应激障碍如何与情感社会化有关，或者父母如何教导，建模，以及对情感的反应， 家里情感社会化是一个重要的育儿过程，有助于儿童的心理社会发展。 发展为了研究这些过程，该项目利用了一个独特的，以前收集的数据集 通过亲子互动视频和从SM/V、伴侣、儿童和 教师父母的情感社会化相关行为（ESRBs）将通过严格的 亲子互动的观察编码。这一办法将允许对协会进行调查， 在SM/V PTSD中，伴侣双方的ESRB和儿童的适应，这对 了解父母有创伤后应激障碍症状的军人子女的心理社会风险和复原力。 其次，本项目将研究一系列可能缓冲（a）合作伙伴从 参与非支持性ESRB和（B）当SM/V表现出适应不良时， PTSD的症状拟议的调查解决了NICHD的优先事项，以确定"因素和 促进.对.处于高风险家庭的儿童.进行心理社会调整的机制. 环境”。这些因素和机制对于发展循证医学至关重要。 为军人和其他高危家庭提供预防和干预方案。拟议研究的目标 将在一个研究培训计划中完成，旨在帮助研究员发展以下方面的专业知识： 高风险背景下的人际家庭关系，观察编码和统计分析， 家庭和多信息提供者数据。培训计划包括完成相关课程、参加 有针对性的讲习班、该领域专家的个别监督和指导，以及科学写作， 介绍经验。

The process of deployment and reintegration of military service members/veterans (SM/Vs) creates a stressful environment for SM/Vs and their families, which can put children at risk for adverse outcomes. Such risk is exacerbated when a SM/V has elevated PTSD symptoms. This type of high-risk environment is associated with development of future psychosocial problems in children. On the other hand, many children are resilient to such problems and demonstrate healthy adjustment. Little is known about what factors influence whether a child experiences negative or positive outcomes in such situations, but parenting likely plays a key role. There is evidence that the symptoms of PTSD can make parenting difficult for SM/Vs and their partners, but further research is needed about specific parenting processes that are affected by PTSD. Little is also known about how SM/Vs' and partners' parenting styles and behaviors interact to affect children. This study investigates how PTSD might be related to emotion socialization, or how parents teach, model, and respond to emotions in the family. Emotion socialization is a critical parenting process that contributes to children's psychosocial development. To examine these processes, this project capitalizes on a unique, previously-collected dataset with videos of parent-child interactions and questionnaire data collected from SM/Vs, partners, children, and teachers. Emotion socialization-related behaviors (ESRBs) of parents will be assessed through rigorous observational coding of the parent-child interactions. This approach will allow for investigations of associations among SM/V PTSD, the ESRBs of both partners, and children's adjustment, which will be important to understanding psychosocial risk and resilience in military children with a parent who has symptoms of PTSD. Secondly, this project will examine a series of individual and couple factors that may buffer (a) partners from engaging in non-supportive ESRBs and (b) children from maladaptive adjustment when SM/Vs demonstrate symptoms of PTSD. The proposed investigation addresses the NICHD priority to identify “factors and mechanisms that promote …psychosocial adjustment for children … exposed to high-risk family … environments.” These factors and mechanisms are essential to inform the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs for military and other high-risk families. The goals of the proposed study will be accomplished within a research training program aimed at helping the fellow develop expertise in interpersonal family relationships in a high-risk context, observational coding, and statistical analyses involving family and multi-informant data. The training plan includes completion of relevant courses, attendance in targeted workshops, individual supervision and mentorship by experts in the field, and scientific writing and presentation experience.