Examining How Graphic Cigarette Warnings Motivate Young Adults to Quit Smoking

项目摘要 在美国，吸烟是主要的可预防的死亡原因，约占 占所有癌症病例的30%，每年造成超过3000亿美元的社会成本。尽管 年轻人的吸烟率最近有所下降，这一成功被推迟吸烟所抵消 在18岁至30岁的年轻人中。图形化的警示标签通过文字和生动的方式传达吸烟的危险 建议将图像作为全面烟草控制干预措施的一部分。图形警告标签上有 已被证明可以激励戒烟并增加戒烟尝试。然而，需要进行研究才能了解 以及为什么图形警告在年轻人等弱势群体中起作用，以告知改进策略 它们的功效。一些研究表明，图形警告通过转移慎重的风险来促进戒烟 感知(例如，感知到的威胁)，而其他研究表明警告会影响情感风险感知 (例如，担心)是最有效的。也有证据表明，一些人天生就厌恶风险，而 另一些则是追求风险的发展因素，这些因素在青壮年就会调整，可能会影响年轻人 吸烟者对图形警告的反应。F31奖学金包括培训和研究活动，旨在 通过分析来自图形香烟警告标签的前瞻性随机试验的数据来推进这一主题 来自华盛顿特区的18-30岁的年轻成年吸烟者样本。具体的研究目标是： 1)检查图形警告激励年轻吸烟者的深思熟虑和情感机制 戒烟和2)检查个人倾向因素是否缓和了他们的影响。培训和研究活动 将有助于推进申请者的培训目标，以发展癌症预防研究方面的专业知识 重视烟草预防和控制，培养风险感知理论和 测量，并在实验设计和统计分析方面获得新技能。该奖学金将帮助 申请者将在癌症预防研究科学家的支持下实现其长期职业目标 主要赞助人Darren Mays，博士，公共卫生硕士(乔治敦大学)和共同赞助人Monique Turner，博士 (乔治华盛顿大学)。

Project Summary Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., accounting for approximately 30% of all cancer cases and incurring upwards of $300 billion in societal costs each year. Although the prevalence of smoking among youth has declined recently, this success is offset by delayed cigarette initiation among young adults ages 18 to 30. Graphic warning labels conveying the risks of smoking through text and vivid imagery are a recommended part of comprehensive tobacco control interventions. Graphic warning labels have been shown to motivate cessation and increase quit attempts. However, research is needed to understand how and why graphic warnings work in vulnerable groups such as young adults to inform strategies for improving their efficacy. Some research indicates graphic warnings promote cessation by shifting deliberative risk perceptions (e.g., perceived threat), while other studies indicate warnings that impact affective risk perceptions (e.g., worry) are most effective. There is also evidence that some individuals are inherently risk averse while others are risk seeking, developmental factors that are tuned in young adulthood and may influence young smokers' responses to graphic warnings. This F31 fellowship includes training and research activities aiming to advance this topic by analyzing data from a prospective randomized trial of graphic cigarette warning labels in a sample of young adult smokers ages 18-30 from the Washington, DC area. The specific research goals are to: 1) examine the deliberative and affective mechanisms through which graphic warnings motivate young smokers to quit and 2) examine if individual dispositional factors moderate their effect. The training and research activities will help advance the applicant's training goals to develop expertise in cancer prevention research with an emphasis on tobacco prevention and control, develop specialized knowledge in risk perception theory and measurement, and gain new skills in experimental design and statistical analysis. The fellowship will assist the applicant to reach her long-term career goal as a cancer prevention research scientist with support from the Primary Sponsor Darren Mays, PhD, MPH (Georgetown University) and Co-Sponsor Monique Turner, PhD (George Washington University).