Biological mechanisms of risk and resiliency in brain aging among ethnic minorities

摘要 在美国，少数族裔的健康差距已经有了很好的记录。这些差异存在于 获得医疗保健和参与卫生研究的领域。美国的少数民族 各州患心脑血管疾病、中风和痴呆症的风险也增加了。它也是 知道生活方式的差异(如运动和营养习惯)、较低的社会经济地位，以及 糖尿病是危险因素。随着美国少数民族比例的增加， 必须更好地了解历史上在高加索人中研究过的疾病过程 人口。西班牙裔老年人的比例预计将在2019年翻一番甚至三倍 未来几十年。随着人口比例的增加和预期寿命的增加，预计 阿尔茨海默病的发病率将增加6倍以上，这将发生在西班牙裔美国人中。建立信托 拉美裔社区和世界级研究人员之间的伙伴关系对于实现 开展大规模研究，以缩小少数群体健康研究方面的差距。我们的目标是建立 当地少数族裔社区和我们的研究小组在 犹他大学。这一基金会将极大地促进少数民族参与最先进的技术 遗传分析，如新开发的表观遗传衰老技术和高级大脑 影像研究。成功实现这一目标将使我们开始了解具体的风险和 西班牙裔社区中与脑老化相关的弹性因素。 目前项目的范围将在当地拉美裔社区之间建立伙伴关系 (大约75%是墨西哥裔美国人)在盐湖城地区， 犹他大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校的合作者。该项目将利用现有的大学资源， 例如社区/患者参与工作室，将项目团队成员、社区 利益攸关方和社区建立平等伙伴关系，为履行 最先进的遗传和神经成像研究。该项目将与当地社区协同工作 减少参与研究的门槛。 该项目的成功将为利用尖端技术进行大规模研究开辟道路 遗传学(表观遗传衰老)和神经成像技术已被应用于 与大脑老化和阿尔茨海默氏症有关的高加索人。利用这些先进的工具将允许 亟需对拉美裔人群中大脑风险的早期迹象以及弹性进行研究。 派生的参与和招聘战略，以及这些数据将构成 未来，将进行大规模研究，研究拉美裔美国人患阿尔茨海默氏症的过程。

Abstract Minority health disparities have been well documented in the United States. These disparities exist in the domains of access to healthcare and participation in health research. Ethnic minorities in the United States also have increased risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. It is also known that lifestyle differences (such as exercise and nutrition habits), lower socioeconomic status, and diabetes are risk factors. With the increasing proportion of ethnic minorities in the United States, it is imperative to better understand disease processes that have historically been studied in Caucasian populations. The proportion of elderly that are Hispanic is expected to double, or even triple, in the coming decades. With an increasing population fraction, and increasing life expectancy, it is projected that upwards of a 6-fold increase in Alzheimer's disease will occur in Hispanics. Establishing the trust and partnership between Hispanic communities and world-class researchers is paramount to enable large-scale studies in order to diminish the disparity in minority health research. Our goal is to establish a collaborative foundation between the local minority communities and our research group at the University of Utah. This foundation will greatly facilitate ethnic minority participation in state-of-the-art genetic analysis, such as the newly developed technique of epigenetic aging, and advanced brain imaging research. Succeeding in this goal will allow us to begin to understand the specific risk and resiliency factors related to brain aging in the Hispanic community. The scope of the current project will establish a partnership between local Hispanic communities (approximately 75% Mexican-American) in the Salt Lake City region, neuroimaging researchers at the University of Utah, and collaborators at UCLA. The project will leverage existing university resources, such as the Community/Patient Engagement Studio, to bring the project team members, community stakeholders, and communities in an equal partnership to establish the foundation to perform state-of- the-art genetic and neuroimaging research. The project will synergistically work with local communities to reduce barriers for participation in research. Success of this project will open up avenues that will lead to large-scale studies utilizing cutting edge genetic (epigenetic aging), and neuroimaging techniques that have been applied in studies of Caucasians related to brain aging and Alzheimer's. Utilization of these advanced tools will allow for much-needed research into early signs of brain risk, as well as resiliency, in the Hispanic population. The derived engagement and recruitment strategies, along with these data will form the basis of a future, large-scale study to examine the Alzheimer's disease process in Hispanic-Americans.