Identifying risk factors for sub-optimal breastfeeding and opportunities for breastfeeding promotion among working mothers in Kenya

项目摘要 次优母乳喂养与低收入和中等收入人群的发病率和死亡率增加有关 国家母亲的母乳喂养模式受到各种因素的影响，这些因素因环境而异。 一般来说，这些包括上游影响，如工作场所的政策和设施为基础的倡议，人际关系， 影响，如可用性同侪支持，以及个人层面的影响，如母亲的 母乳喂养意愿和母乳喂养自我效能。妇女的工作与 母乳喂养的做法不清楚，特别是在LMIC，那里的就业往往是非正式的， 工作场所的哺乳支持政策可能更少。在肯尼亚，纯母乳喂养率仍然很低， 只有40%的母亲EBF通过6个月，其中最低的比例在母亲就业的非熟练工 体力劳动（4.5%）。在肯尼亚的奈瓦沙，孕产妇在商业部门的就业率很高， 农业，主要是由于一个大的花卉生产业，被称为花卉文化。本研究将1）识别 工作场所，社会人口统计学和行为风险因素，为次优母乳喂养; 2）描述障碍 成功地执行和使用现有的产妇政策，并评估是否准备采取BF- 工作场所的政策和支持实践;以及3）确定采用BF支持政策的影响 在花卉种植业工作的母亲中开展的关于妇女生产力的调查和做法。这些目标将 共同确定新的可测试干预措施，以改进BF支持实践的实施和使用 这将通过低收入、中等收入和中等收入国家对妇女就业产生普遍影响， 随着经济的发展和更多妇女进入正规劳动力队伍，孕产妇就业迅速增加。

Project Abstract Sub-optimal breastfeeding is associated with increased morbidly and mortality in low and middle-income countries. Mothers breastfeeding patterns are influenced by a variety of factors, which vary by context. Generally, these include upstream influences like workplace policies and facility-based initiatives, interpersonal influences like the availability peer-support, as well as individual-level influences such as mother's breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The relationship between women's work and breastfeeding practices is unclear, especially in LMIC where employment is often informal and where workplace lactation-support policies may be less available. In Kenya, exclusive breastfeeding rate remain low, with only 40% of mothers EBF through 6 months, with the lowest rates among mothers employed in unskilled manual labor (4.5%). In Naivasha, Kenya there is a high level of maternal employment in commercial agriculture, mainly due to a large flower production industry, known as flori-culture. This study will 1) identify workplace, socio-demographic, and behavioral risk factors for sub-optimal breastfeeding; 2) describe barriers to successful implementation and use of existing maternity policies and assess the readiness to adopt BF- policies and support practices in workplaces; and 3) determine the impact of adopting BF-supportive policies and practices among mothers working in the flori-culture industry on women's productivity. These aims will collectively identify new testable interventions to improve the implementation and use of BF-support practices among working mothers, which will have generalizable impact to women's employment through LMIC, where maternal employment is rapidly increasing as economies evolve and more women enter the formal workforce.