Normative Messages to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake among African Americans

项目总结/摘要 结直肠癌（CRC）仍然是美国癌症死亡率的主要原因之一， 无论男女尽管CRC生存率有所提高，但非裔美国人（AAs）在CRC中的表现仍然较差 与欧洲裔美国人（EA）相比的发病率和死亡率。鉴于CRC的发病率和死亡率 与CRC筛查直接相关，这种差异可归因于相应的筛查差异 其中与EA相比，AA不太可能参加CRC筛查。因此，增加干预措施 AA中的CRC筛查意愿和随后的CRC筛查行为有助于 解决CRC发病率和死亡率方面的差异。使用了视频干预措施 在一些针对AA的CRC筛查知识的CRC筛查干预措施中有效， 行为。此外，针对个人对行为规范的看法的干预措施已经成功地 影响了人们对许多健康行为的参与;然而，尽管他们的承诺，规范- 基于消息的方法尚未用于AA的CRC筛查干预。在目前的研究中，我们 我将使用一个实验设计，以检查在何种程度上，强制性和描述性规范信息 对CRC筛查的认识影响AA的规范性认知和CRC筛查意向。我们还将 检查种族认同和基于群体的医疗不信任在多大程度上缓和了规范的影响 充分和传播最后，我们将探讨规范信息对CRC筛查吸收的影响。我们将测试 具体目标如下： 目的1：（a）检验强制性规范和描述性规范信息对 规范的看法，CRC筛查的意图，和（B）探讨是否规范的消息 促进规范性期望和CRC筛查意图之间的更强关联， 筛选合格的AA队列。我们将招募不符合CRC筛查的受试者。 目的2：（a）研究种族认同和基于群体的医疗不信任的调节作用， (b)探索障碍感知和行为控制对 规范的信息传递。我们将研究基于规范的信息是否会导致更有利的规范 观念和规范观念的更强的影响，在参与者谁更强烈地确定为 AA，谁怀有更大的群体为基础的医疗不信任和谁感知较少的行为障碍。 目的3：探讨强制性和描述性规范信息在结直肠癌筛查中的作用 摄取。我们将探讨接受基于规范的干预的参与者是否更有可能 要求CRC筛查试剂盒，与要求CRC筛查试剂盒的参与者相比， 不接受干预。

Project Summary/Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States for both men and women. Despite gains in CRC survival, African Americans (AAs) still fare worse in CRC incidence and mortality compared to European Americans (EA). Given that CRC incidence and mortality are directly related to CRC screening, this disparity can be attributed to the corresponding screening disparity wherein AAs are less likely to attend CRC screening compared to EAs. It follows that interventions to increase CRC screening intentions and subsequent CRC screening behaviors among AAs are instrumental in addressing the disparities in CRC incidence and mortality. Video-based interventions have been used effectively in a number of CRC screening interventions aimed at AAs’ CRC screening knowledge and behaviors. Additionally, interventions that target individuals’ perceptions of behavioral norms have successfully influenced people’s engagement across a number of health behaviors; however, despite their promise, norm- based messages have not been utilized for CRC screening interventions with AAs. For the current study we will use an experimental design to examine the extent to which injunctive and descriptive norm messages about CRC screening influence AAs’ normative perceptions and CRC screening intentions. We will also examine the extent to which racial identity and group-based medical mistrust moderate the effects of norm messages. Finally, we will explore the effects of norm messaging on CRC screening uptake. We will test the following specific aims: Aim 1: To (a) examine the unique effects of injunctive norm and descriptive norm messages on normative perceptions, CRC screening intentions, and (b) to explore whether the norm-messages foment stronger association between normative expectations and CRC screening intentions among a cohort of screen eligible AAs. We will recruit participants who are non-compliant with CRC screening. Aim 2: To (a) examine the moderating roles of racial identity and group-based medical mistrust and (b) explore the moderating role of perceptions of barriers and behavioral control on the effects of normative messaging. We will examine whether norm-based messages lead to more favorable normative perceptions and stronger effects of normative perceptions, among participants who more strongly identify as AAs, who harbor greater group-based medical mistrust and who perceive fewer behavioral impediments. Aim 3: To explore the effects of injunctive and descriptive norm messages on CRC screening uptake. We will explore whether participants who receive the norm-based interventions are more likely to request a CRC screening kit, and more likely to return the CRC screening kit, compared to participants who do not receive the intervention.