Building GIS Capacity into Tobacco Control Research Programs of East Asia

洛马琳达大学（LLU）开展了FIC资助的（R 01 TW 05964 -05; R 03 TW 007345 -03）“亚洲烟草 2002年至2012年期间在东亚举办了“控制领导力培训（TCLT）”项目。在TCLT下，LLU指导了 柬埔寨和老挝人民民主共和国卫生部和非政府组织的工作人员完成了第一个全国性的 烟草使用流行率调查。TCLT出版了许多科学出版物， 成功倡导烟草控制立法，以及可持续的国家烟草调查模式， 在手持移动的技术平台上收集。此R 01续订申请基于TCLT调查 技术，增加了一个创新的，研究计划“建设地理信息系统的能力 柬埔寨、老挝和蒙古的烟草控制研究（GIS-TOBCR）工作人员。在每个 作为一个国家，已批准的《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）条约现已开始实施 第一阶段是制定税收、定价、品牌、健康标签、广告和无烟区政策的阶段。我们 然而，初步数据表明，政策执行的效率表现出明显的地理差异， 低成本、边境地区、学校附近和交通不便地区的非法烟草销售证明了这一差异 农村社区（即少数民族宗教、传统医药供应商）。地理信息系统的科学前提- 每个国家的TOBCR研究是已发表的空间研究中的差距，可以识别-进行干预 目的-社区一级，烟草政策未得到执行的地理目标。的 GIS-TOBCR计划的总体目标是建立烟草控制的GIS研究能力 柬埔寨、老挝人民民主共和国和蒙古的劳动力，以监测和改善实施烟草 社区层面的控制政策。我们的具体目标是使用GIS分析和创新移动的GIS 应用程序来识别与以下各项在空间上相关联的变量：1）非吸烟的香烟的销售点， 符合世卫组织烟草控制框架公约关于包装的政策（印花税票、健康警告、女性品牌、单一 香烟销售）和定价，2）散装烟草的销售点（在无烟产品，烟斗，自己卷） 不符合《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》的烟草广告-促销-放置 WHO FCTC。我们的研究能力建设计划完全融入建设GIS研究的目标 加强多部门（卫生部、非政府组织、学术界）烟草控制工作队伍的能力， 实施世卫组织烟草控制框架公约。我们使用科学家的学位培训和劳动力培训（30 地理信息系统证书），以加强空间研究方面的机构能力。培训是 由：1）美国调查小组（烟草控制流行病学，健康地理信息系统，空间统计， 健康政策），以及2）LLU-US与ESRI（ArcGIS的先驱）的行业合作伙伴关系， Fulfilling移动的解决方案（mHealth App Innovators）。GIS-TOBCR产生了一个可持续的骨干33空间 研究人员，以提高在东亚实施烟草控制政策的进展。

Loma Linda University (LLU) conducted the FIC funded (R01 TW05964-05; R03 TW007345-03) “Asia Tobacco Control Leadership Training (TCLT)” program in East Asia during 2002-2012. Under TCLT, LLU mentored personnel in the Ministries of Health and NGOs of Cambodia and Lao PDR to complete the first national prevalence surveys of tobacco use. TCLT produced numerous scientific publications, policy documents used in successful advocacy for tobacco control legislation, and a sustainable national tobacco survey model with data collection on a handheld mobile technology platform. This R01 renewal application builds upon TCLT survey technology by adding an innovative, research program of “Building Geographic Information System Capacity into the Tobacco Control Research (GIS-TOBCR)” workforce of Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Mongolia. In each nation, the ratified WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) treaty is now in implementation phase for policies on taxation, pricing, branding, health labeling, advertising, and smoke-free areas. Our preliminary data indicate, however, that the efficacy of policy implementation exhibits marked geographic variation as evidenced by low cost, illicit tobacco sales in border regions, near schools, and in hard-to-access rural communities (i.e. ethno-religious minorities, traditional medicine vendors). The scientific premise for GIS- TOBCR research in each nation is the gap in published spatial research that can identify – for intervention purposes – community level, geographic targets where tobacco policies are not being implemented. The overall objective of the GIS-TOBCR program is to build GIS research capacity into the tobacco control workforce of Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Mongolia to monitor and improve the progress of implementing tobacco control policies at the community level. Our specific aims use GIS analytics and innovate mobile GIS applications to identify variables that are spatially associated with: 1) Points-of-sale of cigarettes that are non- compliant with WHO FCTC policies on packaging (tax stamps, health warnings, brands for women, single cigarette sales) and pricing, 2) Points-of-sale of loose tobacco (in smokeless products, pipes, roll-your-own) that are non-compliant with WHO FCTC, and 3) Tobacco ads-promotions-placements that are non-compliant with WHO FCTC. Our research capacity building plan is fully integrated into the aims by building GIS research capacity into the multi-sectoral (Ministry of Health, NGO, academia) tobacco control workforce that monitors implementation of WHO FCTC. We use both degree training (MPH) of scientists and workforce training (30 GIS certificates) of their staff to accomplish institutional capacity strengthening in spatial research. Training is administered by: 1) a US investigator team (epidemiology of tobacco control, health GIS, spatial statistics, and health policy) from LLU and UCLA, and 2) LLU-US industry partnerships with ESRI (pioneers of ArcGIS) and Fulcrum Mobile Solutions (mHealth App Innovators). GIS-TOBCR produces a sustainable cadre of 33 spatial research personnel to improve the progress of implementing tobacco control policies in East Asia.