Cognition, Large- And Small-Scale (CLASS): A cognitive neuroscience battery for assessing disruptions in core cognitive processes across multiple rural drug-abuse sub-populations

项目摘要 吸毒成瘾是农村社区的一个重大问题，但与农村吸毒者相比， 城市人口。此外，大多数关于人类大脑在药物滥用和成瘾方面的研究都集中在 药物使用的直接影响或对与奖励，渴望和冲动相关的系统的影响， 了然而，人类也依赖于一般的认知机制（如注意力和记忆）来执行 影响其生活质量的日常活动（例如，从事他们的工作或计划他们的健康行为）。 这些认知机制功能的紊乱可能会产生广泛而重大的后果。 先前的研究表明，药物滥用者确实会经历这些核心认知功能的缺陷， 关于这种功能障碍的确切程度或性质或其预测生命的潜力， 吸毒者的健康状况。该项目旨在从样本中收集神经成像和行为数据 农村可卡因，甲基苯丙胺和/或阿片类药物使用者（加上非药物使用对照样本），以隔离 核心大脑和认知功能的特定细分（目标1），并使用这些细分开发模型 预测生活质量和健康的个体差异（目标2）。功能磁共振成像 （fMRI）和脑电图（EEG）将用于测量吸毒者的脑功能和控制 受试者，因为他们执行各种任务，采用这些核心认知能力在不同的组合， 复杂程度。研究小组还将获得大脑结构的测量结果，并使用调查来 评估与吸毒模式和其他生活/健康结果有关的大量变量（例如，工作 成功、人际关系质量和吸毒以外的身体健康）。利用这些数据， 该项目将分离出最能预测生活质量差异的特定神经和认知变量， 数据收集时的健康状况。该项目将使用最先进的技术和统计方法 比以前的研究更详细地描述药物滥用者的神经和认知功能障碍， 导致更大的预测能力。该项目还将产生关于以下方面纵向后续行动的初步数据： 生活/健康结果;未来的资助建议将集中在使用神经认知数据来预测结果， 主要数据收集后数月或数年。预测生命轨迹的能力对于 农村吸毒者获得的保健和社会服务比城市吸毒者少， 容易迷失在原本可以帮助他们的系统和服务中。该项目将 最终导致更好地描述药物使用对农村社会的影响， 哪些农村吸毒者最有可能对干预措施作出反应， 大多数人需要特别关注，以防止悲剧性后果。广泛的长期目标是 帮助制定新的干预措施，最有可能帮助农村吸毒者， 这些技术也可以应用于预测和塑造其他疾病和状况的结果。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Drug addiction is a significant problem in rural communities, yet rural drug users are understudied compared to urban populations. In addition, most studies of the human brain in drug abuse and addiction have focused on the direct effects of drug use or on systems involved with the reward, craving, and impulsivity associated with it. However, humans also rely on general cognitive mechanisms (such as attention and memory) to perform daily activities that affect their quality of life (e.g., performing their jobs or planning their health behaviors). Disturbances in the functions of these cognitive mechanisms can have widespread, significant consequences. Previous studies have shown that drug abusers do experience deficits in these core cognitive functions, but relatively little is known about the exact extent or nature of this dysfunction or its potential to predict life and health outcomes for drug users. This project seeks to collect neuroimaging and behavioral data from a sample of rural cocaine, methamphetamine, and/or opioid users (plus a sample of non-drug-using controls) to isolate specific breakdowns in core brain and cognitive functions (Aim 1) and develop models using those breakdowns to predict individual differences in quality of life and health (Aim 2). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) will be used to measure brain function of drug users and control subjects as they perform a variety of tasks employing these core cognitive abilities in varying combinations and levels of complexity. The research team will also obtain measurements of brain structure and use surveys to assess a large number of variables relating to drug use patterns and other life/health outcomes (e.g., job success, quality of personal relationships, and physical health outside of drug use). Using these data, the project will isolate the specific neural and cognitive variables that best predict differences in quality of life and health at the time of data collection. This project will use state-of-the-art technological and statistical methods to characterize neural and cognitive dysfunction in drug abusers in more detail than previous studies, which will lead to greater predictive power. The project will also result in preliminary data on longitudinal follow-ups of life/health outcomes; future funding proposals will focus on using neurocognitive data to predict outcomes for months or years after primary data collection. The ability to predict life trajectories is particularly important for rural drug users, who receive less health care and social services than urban users and thus are more susceptible to becoming lost to the systems and services that could otherwise help them. This project will ultimately lead to better characterization of the impact of drug use on rural society, improved prediction of which rural drug users are most likely to respond to interventions, and better identification of users who are most in need of special attention in order to prevent tragic consequences. The broad, long-term objective is to aid the development of new interventions that are most likely to help rural drug users and produce new techniques that can also be applied to predicting and shaping outcomes for other disorders and conditions.