Development of form vision in nonhuman primates

项目摘要 视觉功能在生命早期成熟。这种成熟依赖于任务，似乎是变化的结果 初级视觉皮层（V1）下游。与V1不同，V2神经元的反应对压力敏感。 图像统计的重要性，如在自然场景的图像中发现的那些，它们的“自然性”。这种自然 在形式视觉通路的下游区域也可以看到选择性。为了更好地理解形式VI- 我们将使用纹理自然度来纵向测量行为和神经元的发育， 猕猴，记录从V1区，V2区，和IT。使用最近开发的目标搜索任务，使我们能够 在相同的动物中进行所有测量，多电极记录方法允许我们对多个样品进行采样， 人群同时从行为上讲，我们将测量纹理自然度的选择性如何发展， 这个比率与对比敏感度的比率相比--对比敏感度是类似测量的，以及我们在搜索任务中的表现如何 与使用传统实验方法在其他动物中进行的测量进行比较。从生理上讲， 我们将测量V1、V2和IT区域对自然性的选择性如何发展，比较这些信息是如何发展的。 代表-跨年龄和地区之间，并评估如何成熟的变化，在响应特性和 动力学在神经元和群体水平上影响视觉信息的编码。结合两者，我们 将测量V1、V2和IT神经元中的自然性表征如何对应于行为选择性 与这些领域相关的任务。这些实验将增进我们对视觉发育的理解 帮助我们理解神经反应如何支持视觉世界的感知。

Project Summary Visual function matures during early life. This maturation is task dependent, and seems to result from changes downstream from primary visual cortex (V1). Unlike V1, the responses of V2 neurons are sensitive to the pres- ence of image statistics like those found in images of natural scenes, their "naturalness". This naturalness selectivity can also be seen in downstream areas in the form vision pathway. To better understand how form vi- sion develops, we will use texture naturalness to longitudinally measure behavioral and neuronal development in macaques, recording from areas V1, V2, and IT. The use of a recently-developed target search task enables us to make all measurements in the same animals, and multi-electrode recording methods allow us to sample multiple populations simultaneously. Behaviorally, we will measure how selectivity for texture naturalness develops, how that rate compares to that of contrast sensitivity - measured similarly, and how performance on our search task compares with measurements made in other animals using conventional experimental methods. Physiologically, we will measure how selectivity for naturalness develops in areas V1; V2; and IT, compare how that information is represented - across ages and between areas, and assess how maturational changes in response properties and dynamics affect the encoding of visual information at the neuronal and population levels. Combining the two, we will measure how representations of naturalness in V1, V2, and IT neurons correspond to behavioral selectivity in a task associated with those areas. These experiments will improve our understanding of visual development in primates, and help us understand how neural responses support perception of the visual world.