Exploring deterrents to prescription stimulant diversion and misuse-related behaviors

摘要 非法使用处方兴奋剂(如Adderall®、Ritalin®)是一种流行于 美国的大学生。推动非法使用处方兴奋剂(IUPS)的一种行为是 处方兴奋剂转移(例如，分享和/或销售药物)。作为回应，越来越多的 各州和校园已经通过了旨在减少分流和IUPS的政策。我们的预赛 研究表明，并不是所有被要求转移注意力的学生都这样做，也不是所有发起iups的学生都这样做。 保持这种行为。然而，我们不知道学生是否受到这些政策的影响，或者是否有其他 对分流的威慑和IUPS更有影响力。因此，我们的目标是了解可能 从发起这些行为的学生的角度来阻止分流和IUPS。成就 这一目标的实现可用于减少与IUPS相关的发病率和死亡率。因此，拟议的研究， 与美国国立卫生研究院寻求和应用有关行为的基本知识以促进健康的使命相一致。 这项为期三年的R15研究的目标是通过以下方式提供对iups更全面的了解 实现以下目标： AIM1A：了解学生对已有处方兴奋剂分流政策和非政策的认识 威慑力量。 AIM1B：探索学生对现有IuPS政策和非政策威慑措施的知识。 AIM2A：描述学生对现有和潜在的处方兴奋剂分流政策的态度 非政策性威慑。 AIM2B：描述学生对现有和潜在的IUPS政策和非政策威慑的态度。 这项研究将在南加州的一个种族多元化的校园里进行。调查数据来自 有代表性的学生样本显示，这个校园既有分歧者，也有非分歧者，以及 现在和以前从事IUPS工作的学生。在我们建议的研究中，最多有32名学生 有处方兴奋剂转移和/或iUP历史的人将被招募参加半结构化 由学生研究助理主持的访谈。采访的重点将是讨论关于以下方面的知识 以及对政策和非政策相关的威慑、处方兴奋剂转移和IuPS的态度。 我们提出的研究本质上是假设生成的，我们将对定性数据进行归纳分析 使用主题分析程序

ABSTRACT The illicit use of prescription stimulants (e.g., Adderall®, Ritalin®) is a form of substance use prevalent among college students in the United States. One behavior driving the illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) is prescription stimulant diversion (e.g., sharing and/or selling medication). In response, a growing number of states and campuses have passed policies intended to decrease both diversion and IUPS. Our preliminary studies show that not all students who are approached to divert do so, and not all students who initiate IUPS maintain this behavior. However, we do not know if students are being influenced by these policies, or if other deterrents to diversion and IUPS are more influential. Our goal, therefore, is to understand factors that may deter both diversion and IUPS from the perspective of students who have initiated these behaviors. Attainment of this goal could be applied to reduce morbidity and mortality related to IUPS. The proposed study, therefore, aligns with NIH's mission of seeking and applying fundamental knowledge about behavior to promote health. The objective of this three-year R15 study is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of IUPS by achieving the following: AIM1A: Explore students' knowledge about existing prescription stimulant diversion policy and non-policy deterrents. AIM1B: Explore students' knowledge about existing IUPS policy and non-policy deterrents. AIM2A: Describe students' attitudes towards existing and potential prescription stimulant diversion policy and non-policy deterrents. AIM2B: Describe students' attitudes towards existing and potential IUPS policy and non-policy deterrents. The study will be set at one ethnically-diverse campus in southern California. Survey data from a representative sample of the student population showed this campus has both diverters and non-diverters, and students who currently and formerly engaged in IUPS. For our proposed study, a maximum of 32 students with a history of prescription stimulant diversion and/or IUPS will be recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews led by student research assistants. The focus of the interviews will be to discuss knowledge about and attitudes towards policy and non-policy related deterrents to prescription stimulant diversion and IUPS. Our proposed study is hypothesis-generating in nature, and we will analyze the qualitative data inductively using a thematic analysis procedure