Project 5: Oxidative Remediation of Superfund Contaminants

项目5：总结/摘要 采用过硫酸盐（S2 O 82-）或过氧化氢（H2 O2）的原位化学氧化（ISCO 由于其快速和廉价补救潜力， 超级基金污染物。类似地，高级氧化工艺（AOP）和电化学氧化工艺（电化学氧化工艺）也可以被称为高级氧化工艺。 处理技术是物理处理工艺的有前途的替代方法，用于非原位处理 污染物浓度低的沃茨。虽然这些技术被用于现场 在补救方面，污染物降解的机制尚未得到很好的理解。特别是， 现有的证据表明，污染物的氧化可能导致有毒物质的形成 产品.本研究项目的总体目标是评估转化的形成、归宿和毒性 通过现有ISCO方法和新兴补救措施进行氧化补救产生的产品 技术，如电化学处理，并开发减少潜在接触的方法， 氧化转化产物。通过对反应机理、污染物去向和 我们将为工程师提供预测氧化处理何时有效的能力， 确定在何种条件下会形成潜在有毒的转化产物。后者可能导致 开发可与氧化修复协同使用的附加处理步骤 技术.我们将把我们的努力集中在识别的氧化转化产物的取代 芳族化合物，包括氨基-、氯-、硝基-和烷基苯。这些知识将用于 识别反应机理并预测结构相似化合物的反应机理。到 为了评估转化产物的稳定性，我们将用地下水进行实验室实验， 含水层沉积物，以确定转化产物是否可以通过微生物或 与矿物质或天然有机物反应。以确定潜在的健康影响所产生的 暴露于转化产物，我们将使用最先进的生物分析策略， 在分子水平上测定反应性转化产物与生物分子的相互作用。 这一框架将大大增加我们对导致消除 在氧化处理过程中，污染物和稳定转化产物的形成。这也将使我们能够 更好地预测在哪些条件下氧化处理技术是合适的，以及可以 在可能产生有毒转化产品的情况下，采取措施促进其采用。

PROJECT 5: SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with persulfate (S2O82-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are being employed increasingly for hazardous waste site remediation due its potential to quickly and inexpensively remediate recalcitrant Superfund contaminants. Similarly, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical treatment technologies are promising alternatives to physical treatment processes for the ex situ treatment of waters containing low concentrations of contaminants. Although these techniques are being employed for site remediation, the mechanisms through which contaminants are degraded are not well understood. In particular, available evidence suggests that oxidation of contaminants may result in the formation of toxic transformation products. The overall goal of this research project is to assess the formation, fate and toxicity of transformation products produced by oxidative remediation with existing ISCO approaches and emerging remediation technologies, such as electrochemical treatment, and develop approaches for reducing potential exposure to oxidative transformation products. Through rigorous research on reaction mechanisms, contaminant fate and toxicity we will provide engineers with the ability to predict when oxidative treatment will be effective and to determine under which conditions potentially toxic transformation products will be formed. The latter may lead to the development of additional treatment steps that could be used in concert with oxidative remediation technologies. We will focus our efforts on the identification of oxidative transformation products of substituted aromatic compounds, including amino-, chloro-, nitro- and alkyl-benzenes. This knowledge will be used to identify reaction mechanisms and predict the reaction mechanisms of structurally similar compounds. To assess the stability of transformation products, we will conduct laboratory experiments with groundwater and aquifer sediments to determine if transformation products can be degraded further by microorganisms or by reactions with minerals or natural organic matter. To determine the potential health effects arising from the exposure to transformation products, we will use state-of-the-art bioanalytical strategies that allow for the determination of the interactions of reactive transformation products with biomolecules at the molecular level. This framework will substantially increase our understanding of mechanisms that lead to the removal of contaminants and formation of stable transformation products during oxidative treatment. It will also allow us to better predict under which conditions oxidative treatment technologies are appropriate and steps that can be taken to advance their adoption in situations where the production of toxic transformation products is possible.