SER Hispano: Salud/Health, Estres/Stress, and Resiliencia/Resilience Among Young Adult Hispanics Immigrants in the U.S.

项目总结/摘要 西班牙裔移民到美国的时间越长，他们就越有可能经历负面的健康结果。 例如，随着时间的推移，西班牙裔移民从事更危险的行为，如药物滥用， 暴力和危险的性行为，并经历更多的抑郁症状。与之相关的压力 文化适应过程、文化适应压力和个人、家庭、社区和社会的适应力 水平似乎在影响风险方面发挥重要作用。然而，对因果机制知之甚少， 在西班牙裔移民中将文化适应压力，弹性和健康结果联系起来。此外， 知道什么样的确切类型的压力源（例如，职业压力与歧视）和复原力因素 (e.g.,个人应对与家庭支持）对西班牙裔的健康轨迹有最重要的影响 移民.拟议的纵向研究（N = 385）将调查文化适应压力的影响， 对同时发生的药物滥用、亲密伴侣暴力、艾滋病毒风险和抑郁症的复原力（即，同系的 条件）和生物压力之间的年轻成年西班牙裔移民在美国更具体地说， 拟议的项目旨在：1）测试文化适应压力的累积影响与 在最近的年轻成年西班牙裔移民中， 2）确定文化适应压力源和弹性因素的具体类型， 个人、家庭、社区和社会水平，这对预测综合征的病情最为重要， 生物压力的影响。年轻的成年低收入西班牙裔移民男性和 对移民头10年内的妇女将跟踪两年。生物心理社会数据将是 从基线时的参与者中收集，然后在6个月（FU 1）、12个月（FU 2）、18个月（FU 3）和24个月时收集 月后（FU 4）。文化适应压力和复原力的文化具体措施将用于评估 个人，家庭，社区和社会的风险和保护因素的综合性条件。血液和 将从参与者获得尿样以测量全身炎症（IL 6、IL 8和IL 18）， 氧化应激（F2异前列腺素），以前验证的心理应激的生物标志物。各种 描述性、单变量和多变量统计学，包括潜在增长曲线模型，将用于 处理目标1-2。这项研究的结果有可能确定风险和保护因素， 西班牙裔移民的健康状况每况愈下。准确和文化上的了解这些 现象是设计干预措施的基础，这些干预措施最终可以促进人们的健康和福祉。 西班牙裔移民是美国最大的移民群体。这项研究也有可能为美国的移民群体奠定基础。 为其他人群的生物心理社会健康差异研究提供理论基础。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Hispanic immigrants to the U.S. are more likely to experience negative health outcomes the longer they live in the U.S. For example, over time Hispanic immigrants engage in riskier behaviors such as substance abuse, violence, and risky sex, and experience more depressive symptoms. The stress associated with the acculturation process, acculturation stress, and resilience at the individual, family, community, and societal levels appear to play important roles in influencing risks. However, little is known about the causal mechanisms linking acculturation stress, resilience, and health outcomes among Hispanic immigrants. Further, little is known about what precise types of stressors (e.g., occupational stress vs. discrimination) and resilience factors (e.g., individual coping vs. family support) have the most important influence on health trajectories of Hispanic immigrants. The proposed longitudinal study (N = 385) will investigate the effects of acculturation stress and resilience on co-occurring substance abuse, intimate partner violence, HIV risk, and depression (i.e., syndemic conditions) and biological stress among young adult Hispanic immigrants in the U.S. More specifically, the proposed project aims to: 1) test theoretical links between the cumulative impact of acculturation stress and resilience on syndemic conditions and biological stress among recent young adult Hispanic immigrants over a two-year period, and 2) identify the specific types of acculturation stressors and resilience factors at the individual, family, community, and societal levels that are most important in predicting syndemic conditions and biological stress among this population over time. Young adult low-income Hispanic immigrant men and women within the first 10 years of immigration will be followed for two years. Biopsychosocial data will be collected from participants at baseline, and then 6 months (FU1), 12 months (FU2), 18 months (FU3), and 24 months later (FU4). Culturally specific measures of acculturation stress and resilience will be used to assess for individual, family, community, and societal risk and protective factors for syndemic conditions. Blood and urine samples will be obtained from participants to measure systemic inflammation (IL 6, IL8, and IL 18) and oxidative stress (F2 isoprostanes), previously validated biomarkers for psychological stress. Various descriptive, univariate and multivariate statistics, including latent growth curve modeling, will be used to address aims 1-2. The findings from this study have the potential to identify risk and protective factors for the decay in heath among Hispanic immigrants. A precise and culturally informed understanding of these phenomena is foundational for designing interventions that can ultimately promote the health and wellbeing of Hispanic immigrants, the largest immigrant group in the U.S. This study also has the potential to lay the theoretical foundation for biopsychosocial health disparities research in other populations.