Using eye tracking to understand speech perception-production relationships in young children

摘要 在短短几年的生命中，孩子们从几乎不知道他们的语言的声音， 虽然他们的语言知识丰富，但他们的语言能力可能要到8岁或更晚才能达到成年人的水平。有多好 产生近似知觉，什么有助于知觉表征？大多数研究 注重成人的投入，但儿童也接受大量的儿童投入（占总数的45 输入），包括他们自己的发声。需要考虑语音输入的主要来源， 以及对感知-生产关系缺乏清晰的认识，代表了主要的理论空白。我们 假设最初，基于成人的感知塑造儿童生产。错误的子产品，到期日 运动困难匹配目标，然后学习，并可以指导生产和识别。 目标.该提案的目标是创新儿童感知-生产关系的测试 这对识别困难是敏感的，并且对于幼儿是自然的。 法我们创新了一种模式来测试孩子对自己语言的理解。我们 录音的孩子命名熟悉的图片，然后给他们看图片集，因为他们听到他们的声音。 唱片公司对图片的眼动提供了一种敏感、自然的识别努力的测量。 具体目标 具体目标1是建立一个新的范式来测试自己的言语理解。 具体目标2是检验发音错误假设，即儿童不准确的产出 这是由知觉表征的不完美运动实现造成的。如果是这样，孩子应该 他们比自己的言语更能理解成年人的言语（研究1）。 具体目标3是测试多重表征假设，即儿童同时 不仅有成人的语言表征，还有自我语言表征。如果是这样，孩子应该明白。 他们自己的讲话比另一个听众更好地理解孩子的讲话（研究2-3）。 意义我们创新了一种方法来评估感知-生产关系，并开始 以解决未充分开发的语音输入源。研究结果可能会提出一条新的路线- 儿童言语知觉训练-用于干预言语声音障碍，影响4%的 幼儿和损害沟通，学术和社会交往。

Abstract In a few short years of life, children go from almost no knowledge of the sounds of their language to a rich knowledge, yet their speech production may not be adultlike until age 8 or later. How well does production approximate perception, and what contributes to perceptual representations? Most studies focus on adult input, but children also receive substantial child input (as much as 45% of total input), including their own vocalizations. The need to account for a major source of speech input, and lack of clarity about perception-production relationships, represent major theoretical gaps. We hypothesize that initially, adult-based percepts shape child production. Errorful child productions, due to motor difficulty matching targets, are then learned and may guide production and recognition. Goal. The goal of the proposal is to innovate a test of perception-production relationships in children which is both sensitive to recognition difficulty and natural for young children. Method. We innovate a paradigm to test a child's understanding of their own speech. We audio-record the child naming familiar pictures, then show them sets of pictures as they hear their recorded labels. Eye movements to pictures provide a sensitive, natural measure of recognition effort. Specific Aims SPECIFIC AIM 1 is to establish a new paradigm to test comprehension of one's own speech. SPECIFIC AIM 2 is to test the Articulatory Error Hypothesis, that children's inaccurate productions result from imperfect motor realizations of perceptual representations. If so, children should comprehend adult speech better than they comprehend their own speech (STUDY 1). SPECIFIC AIM 3 is to test the Multiple Representations Hypothesis, that children simultaneously possess not only adult but also self-speech representations. If so, then the child should understand their own speech better than another listener understands that child's speech (STUDIES 2-3). Significance. We innovate a methodology to assess perception-production relationships, and begin to account for an underexplored source of speech input. Findings may suggest a new route— perceptual training on child speech—for intervention in speech sound disorders, which affect 4% of young children and which impair communication, academics, and social interaction.