Cognitive control and sentence processing in aphasia

项目总结 许多失语症患者在语言和执行功能上都有困难。但我们之间的关系 这两种类型的损伤之间的关系还没有得到很好的理解。语言和行政职能都是 由多种能力组成的。需要精确的、理论驱动的方法来确定有多具体 执行功能会影响语言中的特定过程。这个项目将集中在句子上 失语症患者常出现理解障碍，影响患者的交际功能。正确无误 理解句子需要语法分析者解决所指示的不同解释之间的冲突 通过不同的词汇、语义和句法线索。这项拟议的研究将检验这一假设 认知控制，一种用于解决心理表征之间冲突的执行功能，发挥着 通过帮助在相互竞争的解释之间进行选择，在句子理解中发挥重要作用。健康 成人和失语症患者将使用行为和功能成像相结合的方式进行测试 技巧。大型病例系列以及详细的患者案例研究将被用来确定如何 认知控制障碍影响失语症患者的句子理解。研究1、研究2和研究3将确定 认知控制对含有冲突线索的句子理解的影响(特定目标 1)。研究1将在一系列具有不同失语症特征的患者中进行回归，以解决这一目标。它 将使用行为测量来评估患者在一般认知控制任务中的表现 预测他们对“冲突”句的理解。研究2将使用在线眼线跟踪和 电生理(ERP)方法以确定认知控制障碍对检测的影响 以及在实时句子处理期间冲突的解决。研究3将涉及选定的 精神错乱的病人。它将对有认知控制缺陷和没有认知控制缺陷的无语法患者进行测试 预测前一组在理解冲突句时会选择性地受到更多的损害。 研究4和研究5将研究扩展到无冲突的非规范句子的理解 线索(特定目标2)。即使在解释线索不冲突的情况下，规范语法分析的使用 试探法可能导致必须修改的“花园小路”解释。研究4将使用神经成像 (FMRI)和健康成年人的受试者内共定位，以测试非规范句子是否依赖于 与冲突句相同的认知控制网络。研究5将使用选定的患者的案例研究 在没有认知控制缺陷的情况下，测试认知控制是否会影响花园小径的恢复 在失语症患者理解非规范句子的过程中。总而言之，这些研究将提高对 失语症患者和健康成人的句子加工。通过阐明认知控制在句子中的作用 理解，他们将解决有关认知障碍如何影响失语症语言的问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY Many people with aphasia have difficulty with both language and executive functions. But the relationship between the two types of impairments is not well understood. Both language and executive functions are made up of multiple abilities. Precise, theory-driven approaches are needed to identify how particular executive functions impact particular processes within language. This project will focus on sentence comprehension, which is often impaired in aphasia and affects patients' communicative functions. Correctly understanding sentences requires the parser to resolve conflict between alternative interpretations indicated by different lexical, semantic, and syntactic cues. The proposed research will test the hypothesis that cognitive control, a type of executive function used to resolve conflict between mental representations, plays an important role in sentence comprehension by helping choose between competing interpretations. Healthy adults and patients with aphasia will be tested using a combination of behavioral and functional imaging techniques. Large case series as well as detailed case studies of patients will be used to establish how cognitive control impairments affect sentence comprehension in aphasia. Studies 1, 2 and 3 will determine the impact of cognitive control on the comprehension of sentences containing conflicting cues (Specific Aim 1). Study 1 will address this aim using regression in a case series of patients with diverse aphasia profiles. It will use behavioral measures to evaluate whether patients' performance in general cognitive control tasks predicts their comprehension of “conflict” sentences. Study 2 will use online eyetracking and electrophysiological (ERP) measures to establish the effect of cognitive control impairments on the detection and resolution of conflict during real-time sentence processing. Study 3 will involve case studies of selected agrammatic patients. It will compare agrammatic patients with and without cognitive control deficits to test the prediction that the former group will be selectively more impaired in conflict sentence comprehension. Studies 4 and 5 will expand the inquiry to the comprehension of noncanonical sentences without conflicting cues (Specific Aim 2). Even in cases where cues to interpretation do not conflict, the use of canonical parsing heuristics can lead to “garden-path” interpretations that have to be revised. Study 4 will use neuroimaging (fMRI) and within-subject co-localization in healthy adults to test whether noncanonical sentences rely on the same cognitive control networks as conflict sentences. Study 5 will use case studies of selected patients with and without cognitive control deficits to test whether cognitive control impacts recovery from garden-paths during noncanonical sentence comprehension in aphasia. Together, the studies will improve understanding of sentence processing in aphasia and in healthy adults. By clarifying the role of cognitive control in sentence comprehension, they will address questions about how cognitive impairments affect language in aphasia.