Early Childhood Maltreatment and Profiles of Resilience

项目总结 虐待儿童仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题，大约有70万名受害者 每年。尽管受到虐待的儿童有很大的风险产生负面的发育结果，但有些 受虐待儿童表现出韧性，这是面对 不利的生活环境。儿童早期的适应力尤其重要，因为 核心能力是在这一时期形成的，这使其成为推动终身发展的关键机会之窗 复原力；然而，我们对复原力如何在受到虐待的幼儿身上发挥作用知之甚少。此外， 尽管理论证据支持韧性的多维性，但先前的经验研究 经常采用弹性和非弹性的简单二分法，未能准确地描述 在这种情况下，可以发展复原力成果和进程。了解复原力的不同特征 功能(例如，所有发展领域的低复原力结果；高认知功能但低 社会功能)，并确定虐待特征和家庭生态，以区分 复原力概况是推动该领域向前发展的重要新问题。这项拟议的研究使 通过一种新的应用对虐待和恢复力研究领域做出有意义的贡献 以人为中心的分析方法，研究幼儿复原力结果的异质性。 此外，这项研究还将确定虐待的特征和家庭风险以及形成虐待的保护因素 儿童早期复原力的发展，为干预发展提供有价值的信息 和临床实践。将使用全国儿童和儿童调查进行二次分析 青少年幸福感(NSCAW-II)与幼儿纵向研究--幼儿园2010级 11(ECLS-K：2011)，以解决三个具体目标：(1)确定多个 儿童早期功能领域(认知、情绪、行为、社交)； 调查虐待特征与家庭风险和保护的并发和滞后关系 影响复原力分布的因素；以及(3)确定在基线时复原力分布保持稳定的程度或 随着时间的推移而变化，并检查各种虐待特征和家庭风险和保护因素 与弹性随时间发挥作用的过渡模式有关。这项研究的目的与NICHD的研究非常接近 新的研究重点将刺激研究，以促进高危人群的心理社会适应 环境。“此外，这项拟议的研究有助于实现NICHD的使命，即“确保所有儿童 有机会充分发挥他们的潜力，实现健康和富有成效的生活“，通过确定最 最需要服务的弱势儿童群体，并指导努力缩小#年的差距 在生命的早期阶段健康发展。

PROJECT SUMMARY Child maltreatment continues to be a serious public health concern, with approximately 700,000 victims each year. Although maltreated children are at significant risk for negative developmental outcomes, some maltreated children exhibit resilience, which is the process of positive adaptation and functioning in the face of adverse life circumstances. Resilience during early childhood is particularly important because the basis of core competence is formed during this period, making it a critical window of opportunity for promoting life-long resilience; yet we know very little about how resilience operates in young maltreated children. Furthermore, despite theoretical evidence that supports the multidimensionality of resilience, prior empirical research has often employed a simple dichotomous view of resilient vs. non-resilient, failing to accurately describe the ways in which resilience outcomes and processes may develop. Understanding different profiles of resilience functioning (e.g., low resilience outcomes across all developmental domains; high cognitive functioning but low social functioning) and identifying maltreatment characteristics and family ecology that distinguish variations in resilience profiles are important new questions to move the field forward. The proposed research makes a meaningful contribution to the fields of maltreatment and resilience research through the novel application of a person-centered analytical approach in studying heterogeneity in resilience outcomes among young children. Additionally, the study will identify maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors that shape the development of resilience during early childhood, offering valuable information for intervention development and clinical practice. A secondary analysis will be conducted using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II) and The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study– Kindergarten Class of 2010- 11 (ECLS-K: 2011) to address three specific aims: (1) To identify distinct profiles of resilience across multiple domains of functioning (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social) among children in early childhood; (2) To investigate concurrent and lagged relationships of maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors to resilience profiles; and (3) To determine to what extent resilience profiles at baseline remain stable or change over time and examine how various maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors are related to transition patterns of resilience functioning over time. The study aims closely match the NICHD's New Research Priorities to stimulate research to “promote psychosocial adjustment for individuals in high-risk environments.” Further, the proposed study contributes to the NICHD's mission of “ensuring that all children have the chance to achieve their full potential for healthy and productive lives” by identifying the most vulnerable group of children with the greatest need of services, and guiding the effort to reduce disparities in healthy development during the early years of life.