Multiscale imaging of marmoset cortex during visual object recognition and learning

总结/摘要 类人灵长类动物（猴子、猿和人类）与它们在遗传学上最接近的灵长类动物是不同的。 近亲（狐猴、树鼩和啮齿动物）大脑皮层的精细化，包括 皮层回路的细胞组成然而，我们对不同细胞类型的功能知之甚少 在灵长类动物的大脑皮层中，部分原因是由于对工具的缓慢采用，这些工具在 啮齿动物（细胞类型特异性光遗传学和成像）。目前的建议利用普通的绒猴， 皮质扁平的小型灵长类动物，可以直接采用细胞成像技术， 啮齿动物我们将开发（1）宽视场光学成像，用于收集大范围（5-10 mm）的二维地图， 绒猴视觉皮质和（2）跨皮质柱内各层的快速体积双光子成像 (400μ m^3体积采集）。我们将与光学工程师密切合作，开发广泛的- 场和体积双光子成像技术。作为这些方法在 绒猴，我们测量了绒猴对象选择皮层的功能特性，收集宽视野 对象选择性的地图，随后是皮层之间通信的信息的双光子成像， 区域由标记的前馈和反馈投影细胞。因此，该项目为以下方面构建了一个成像平台 启动一项长期的研究计划，以了解不同类型的细胞在高度进化的 灵长类动物的视觉皮层。

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) are distinguished from their phylogenetically nearest relatives (lemurs, tree shrews, and rodents) by an elaboration of the cerebral cortex including changes in cellular composition of the cortical circuit. However, we know very little about the function of different cell types in the anthropoid primate cortex partly because of slow adoption of the tools that have been so successful in rodents (cell type-specific optogenetics and imaging). The present proposal utilizes the common marmoset, a small anthropoid primate with a flat cortex, that allows direct adoption of cellular imaging techniques from rodents. We will develop (1) wide-field optical imaging for collecting 2D maps across large swaths (5-10 mm) of the marmoset visual cortex and (2) fast, volumetric two-photon imaging across layers within a cortical column (400 microns^3 volume acquisition). We will collaborate closely with optical engineers who developed wide- field and volumetric two-photon imaging techniques in mice. As a first application of these methods in the marmoset, we measure the functional properties of marmoset object-selective cortex, collecting wide-field maps of object selectivity followed by two-photon imaging of the information communicated between cortical areas by labeled feedforward and feedback projection cells. This project thus builds an imaging platform for launching a long-term research program to understand the role of different cell types in the highly evolved visual cortex of anthropoid primates.