FGF Receptor Structure, Dynamics and Function

项目摘要 人受体酪氨酸激酶激酶结构域的晶体结构丰度测定 存储在蛋白质数据库中的RTKs（实时动态图）提供了这些酶在非活性和非活性状态下的快照。 活跃的国家。然而，我们对这种高度变构的酶的动力学的知识仍然处于其 婴儿期。这一建议的总体目标是阐明内在和外在的变构控制机制 通过使用成纤维细胞生长因子受体（FGFR）激酶亚家族， 作为模型系统。FGF信号转导在整个胚胎发育过程中发挥着多种多样的生物学功能。 通过控制细胞增殖、分化、趋化性、凋亡和 衰老通过协调晶体学和核磁共振溶液的研究， 突变，我们最近阐明了FGFR激酶调节的动态双态模型， 酶在受抑制的构象刚性状态和更灵活的活性状态之间切换（Molecular Cell，2007; Cell Reports，2013）。最近，我们改进了这个模型，以表明 四个分子开关形成从位于 激酶的后部一直到A环和激酶前部的催化口袋调节激酶的活性。 动力学和活性-非活性平衡。这些数据为解决迫在眉睫的问题提供了坚实的基础 在我们的RTK信号的理解问题，仔细制定了三个目标的每一个， 提议在目标I中，我们将首次展示四个人的内在动力学的差异， FGFR同种型解释了它们不同的信号传导潜力，从而为FGFR的表达提供了分子基础。 多成员RTK亚家族的进化。在目标II中，我们将确定突变在 看门人残留物是临床上耐药性的主要障碍，它破坏了自抑制相互作用 并导致功能增益。在目标III中，我们将建立FGFR的结构和动态基础， 招募并磷酸化其主要的细胞内底物FRS 2 α，并首次证明了如何 细胞内底物结合可作为调节内在激酶活性的外在因素。通过使用 结构实验（X射线晶体学和NMR光谱学）和生物测定（体外）的混合 和单元格），我们将实现所描述的代表RTK领域主要里程碑的每一个目标。 这项研究将填补我们对RTK信号的理解中的几个知识空白，因此将有一个 在细胞信号领域的强大和持续的影响。

Project Summary The abundance of crystal structures determined for kinase domains of human receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) deposited in the protein data bank have provided snapshots of these enzymes in both inactive and active states. However, our knowledge of dynamics of this highly allosteric class of enzymes is still in its infancy. The overall goal of this proposal is to elucidate the intrinsic and extrinsic allosteric control mechanisms that underlie tyrosine kinase regulation by using the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase subfamily as the model system. FGF signaling fulfills a multitude of diverse biological functions throughout embryonic development and adulthood by controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and senescence. Through concerted crystallographic and NMR solution studies of a large set of gain-of-function mutations, we have recently elucidated a dynamic two-state model for FGFR kinase regulation whereby the enzyme toggles between an inhibited, conformationally rigid state and a more flexible active state (Molecular Cell, 2007; Cell Reports, 2013). More recently we have refined this model to show that the concerted action of four molecular switches forming a long-range allosteric connectivity stretching from the kinase hinge located at the back of the kinase all the way to the A-loop and catalytic pocket at the front of the kinase regulate the dynamics and thus the active-inactive equilibrium. These data have provided a solid basis for tackling imminent problems in our comprehension of RTK signaling that are carefully formulated in each of three aims of this proposal. In Aim I, we will demonstrate for the first time how differences in intrinsic dynamics of four human FGFR isoforms account for their distinct signaling potentials, thereby providing a molecular rationale for the evolution of multimember RTK subfamilies. In Aim II, we will determine how frequently occurring mutations at the gate-keeper residue, a major hurdle in the clinic for drug-resistance, corrupts the autoinhibitory interactions and leads to gain-of-function. In Aim III, we will establish the structural and dynamic basis by which FGFR recruits and phosphorylates its major intracellular substrate, FRS2α and demonstrate for the first time how intracellular substrate binding can act as an extrinsic factor to regulate intrinsic kinase activity. By using a hybrid of structural experiments (X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy) and biological assays (in vitro and in cells), we will accomplish each of the aims described that represent major milestones in the RTK field. This research will fill several knowledge gaps in our understanding of RTK signaling and hence will have a powerful and sustained influence in the cellular signaling field.