The Role of Discrimination in Substance Use and Help Seeking among Hispanics and African Americans

项目总结/摘要 尽管使用非法药物的比例相似，但西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人使用服务的比例要低得多 不到8%的西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人认为他们的物质使用障碍 物质使用有问题。这种差异表明，显然需要概述动态和具体的 有助于两个群体中物质使用和回收的过程。拟议项目建设 基于成熟的研究表明，负面影响和渴望是两个最强的预测因素， 短期物质使用和戒烟的意图，这是恢复的重要组成部分。歧视也是一种可靠的 压力和负面影响的预测因子，但是-尽管它在预测酒精使用方面具有潜在的关键作用， 吸烟-在西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人的物质使用研究中很少进行检查。 歧视也可能减少寻求物质使用的正式帮助，因为预期的歧视， 此外，预期的歧视可能会在农村地区扩大，因为在农村地区， 有限，隐私问题加剧。这些因素是未探讨的物质使用与西班牙裔 非洲裔美国人，特别是农村地区的人。因此，提出的长期目标 该项目旨在阐明歧视、药物使用、戒烟意图和寻求帮助之间的联系 西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人中。为了实现这一目标，该项目将从生态 瞬时评估（EMA）方法，通过以下方式进行实时、“即时”评估 移动的技术。完成本奖学金下的拟议项目将允许申请人 获得独特的研究和培训经验，超出了他们通常会获得在他们的 博士培训，并将这种理解应用于文化适应的发展和评估 干预计划，并可能影响健康差距政策的变化。具体来说，成功 培训补助金的供资将导致完成上述项目和 申请人：1）获得有关推动西班牙裔物质使用和恢复的背景因素的知识， 非洲裔美国人; 2）获得收集和实施方法的知识， 在物质使用研究中确定人与环境的相互作用（例如，EMA）3）获得高级统计 与我提出的识别驱动差异机制的研究计划相关的模型技能，以及 4)获得进一步的知识和技能，在赠款准备。培训将主要在哥伦比亚大学进行。 内布拉斯加-林肯、佛罗里达国际大学和南卡罗来纳州医科大学。拟议 研究直接涉及NIDA战略目标的组成部分，因为它有助于“描述......社会， 环境和发展因素，介导的风险和弹性的药物使用和成瘾。”

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite similar rates of illicit substance use, Hispanics and African-Americans utilize services at far fewer rates than Whites, and less than 8% of Hispanics and African-Americans with substance use disorder perceive their substance use as problematic. Such disparities demonstrate the clear need to outline the dynamic and specific processes that contribute to substance use and recovery among both populations. The proposed project builds on well-established research suggesting that negative affect and craving are the two strongest predictors of short-term substance use and intention to quit, a vital component of recovery. Discrimination is also a reliable predictor of stress and negative affect, but — despite its potentially critical role in predicting alcohol use and smoking — has been infrequently examined in substance use research with Hispanics and African-Americans. Discrimination may also reduce formal help seeking for substance use due to anticipated discrimination in receiving care; further, anticipated discrimination may be magnified in rural areas where treatment options are limited, and privacy concerns are heightened. These factors are unexplored in substance use with Hispanic and African-American populations, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, the long-term goal of the proposed project is to elucidate the linkages between discrimination, substance use, intentions to quit, and help seeking among rural Hispanics and African-Americans. To achieve this, the project will build from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which conducts real-time, “in-the-moment” assessments through mobile technology. Completing the proposed project under this fellowship award will allow the applicant to acquire unique research and training experiences beyond those that they would normally obtain in their doctoral training and apply this understanding to the development and evaluation of culturally adapted intervention programs, and potentially influence health disparity policy changes. Specifically, successful funding of this training grant will result in completion of the above project and the following goals of the applicant: 1) acquire knowledge on the contextual factors driving substance use and recovery in Hispanic and African-American populations; 2) gain knowledge in the collection and implementation of methodologies for determining person-in-context interactions in substance use research (e.g., EMA) 3) obtain advanced statistical skills in models relevant to my proposed research program of identifying mechanisms that drive disparities, and 4) attain further knowledge and skills in grant preparation. Training will primarily take place at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Florida International University, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The proposed research directly addresses components of NIDA’s strategic goals, in that it helps “characterize the…social, environmental, and developmental factors that mediate risk and resilience for drug use and addiction.”