Neural and Clinical Biomarkers of Risk for ADHD: A Focus on Preschoolers

项目总结 注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)是一种起病早、可遗传、流行和病态的神经生物学疾病 无序。虽然ADHD通常在儿童早期发病，但在识别 疾病经常持续多年，使儿童患上严重不良反应的风险增加 后果。这要求加强努力，及早发现有患多动症风险的幼儿。是这样的 努力可以帮助采取预防性干预措施，减缓疾病的进展及其病态。 后果。帮助识别ADHD高危儿童的一个机会是通过研究学龄前儿童 患有多动症父母的后代。这是因为1)儿童最常见的临床年龄 ADHD的诊断是在小学早期，因此学龄前阶段可能是一个理想的目标 用于早期识别有ADHD风险的儿童，以及2)ADHD具有高度遗传性，父母的后代 患有ADHD的人患这种疾病的风险更高。我们有初步数据显示某些临床和 神经成像特征可以预测哪个孩子会患上ADHD。为此，我提议的研究将 包括对100名有ADHD风险的综合征前学龄前儿童(4-6岁)的临床和神经影像评估 通过有一位患有ADHD的父母，以及50名父母没有ADHD的对照学龄前儿童。这个 儿童将被前瞻性地跟踪两年，以监测他们是否患上ADHD诊断或 不。我们的中心目标是确定ADHD风险的临床指标和神经生物标志物，它们将预测ADHD 哪些学龄前、综合征前期的儿童会发展成这种障碍。 我是一名委员会认证的儿童和青少年精神病学家，在临床和科学上专注于早期 儿科精神病理学的鉴定。在我早期的职业生涯中，我利用了现有的纵向临床数据 ADHD家庭研究评估情绪和焦虑症的临床预测因素。我还进行了神经成像 检查神经生物标记物与老年人逆境临床指标相关的研究 无论是孩子还是成年人。进一步发展我的专业知识，成为一名早期领域的独立调查员 在统计分析、神经成像、幼儿和前瞻性数据收集方面的识别、培训 这是必要的。我相信，通过领导这项名为“ADHD风险的神经和临床生物标志物：A”的拟议研究 《关注学龄前儿童》采用纵向设计，让学龄前儿童评估 ADHD风险的临床和神经影像生物标记物，以及有针对性的训练计划 针对我的培训目标的教学和指导，将帮助我建立独立性。

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, heritable, prevalent and morbid neurobiological disorder. While ADHD typically onsets in early childhood, there are lengthy delays in the identification of the disorder frequently spanning many years, putting the children at elevated risks for developing serious adverse consequences. This calls for improved efforts in early identification of young children at risk for ADHD. Such efforts can help preventive interventions that mitigate the progression to the full disorder and its morbid consequences. One opportunity to help identify children at risk for ADHD is through studying the preschool aged offspring of parents with ADHD. This is so because 1) the most common age of children getting the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is in the early elementary school years, hence the preschool years could be an ideal target for the early identification of children at risk for ADHD, and 2) ADHD is highly heritable, and offspring of parents with ADHD are at increased risk to develop the disorder. We have preliminary data that certain clinical and neuroimaging characteristics could predict which child will develop ADHD. To this end, my proposed study will include clinical and neuroimaging assessments of 100 pre-syndromatic preschoolers (ages 4-6) at risk for ADHD by virtue of having a parent with ADHD, and 50 control preschoolers whose parents do not have ADHD. The children will be followed prospectively for two years to be monitored whether they develop ADHD diagnosis or not. Our central aim is to identify clinical indicators and neural biomarkers of the risk for ADHD that will foretell which preschool aged, pre-syndromatic children will develop the disorder. I am a board-certified Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist who has had a clinical and scientific focus on early identification of pediatric psychopathology. In my early career, I utilized existing longitudinal clinical data of an ADHD family study to evaluate clinical predictors of mood and anxiety disorders. I also conducted neuroimaging studies examining neural biomarkers cross-sectionally associated with clinical indicators of adversity in older children and adults. To further develop my expertise and become an independent investigator in the field of early identification, training in statistical analysis, neuroimaging, early childhood, and prospective data collection is necessary. I believe that by leading the proposed study titled, “Neural and clinical biomarkers of risk for ADHD: A Focus on Preschoolers” which incorporates a longitudinal design involving preschool aged children assessing clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers of the risk for developing ADHD, along with a pointed training plan with didactics and mentorship that address my training goals, will help me establish independence.