Impact of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness on Demand for Alcohol and Marijuana among Co-Users

项目总结/摘要 这项提案的总体目标是促进对疼痛作为物质使用决定因素的认识， 尤其是酗酒和吸食大麻大量研究表明，自我治疗疼痛 与酒精和大麻（即用于科普和/或管理疼痛）的接触在疼痛患者中很常见， 流行病学和观察性研究表明，疼痛可成为使用药物的一个强有力的动因。 最初的实验证据表明，疼痛可以增加冲动和意图消费酒精，但这一点， 使用具有更大生态学效应的临床相关疼痛诱导方法， 有效性比典型的实验疼痛方法。此外，尽管类似的疼痛抑制作用和共同作用， 酒精和大麻的使用模式，目前的研究还没有同时研究 疼痛对酒精和大麻使用的近端影响。因此，拟议的工作将试图确定 实验诱导的肌肉骨骼疼痛（即，延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）可能 增加共同使用者对酒精和大麻的需求。将进行一项实验研究， 大麻和酒精的经常共同使用者将被分配到DOMS（高强度偏心） 运动）或假DOMS对照条件（低强度同心运动）。总体而言，拟议项目 有两个具体目标：1）确认DOMS导致对酒精和大麻的需求增加; 调查种族和性别作为这种关联的调节因素，2）确定心理社会风险因素 与DOMS诱导后对酒精和大麻需求的变化相关。结果可用于 协助识别有危险酒精和大麻使用风险的疼痛患者。他们也可以通知 开发新的干预措施，以降低物质使用障碍的风险，特别是在那些 痛苦拟议的培训计划将为申请人提供额外的培训， 博士课程。具体而言，培训目标包括1）实验研究方法的实践培训， 包括肌肉骨骼疼痛的诱导，2）在行为经济学原理的应用课程， 健康行为，以及行为经济学管理和分析方面的教学培训 3）高级统计方法培训，4）专业发展技能开发， 和[5][酒精和大麻使用神经药理学的正式培训，以及 疼痛的生物心理社会机制[biopsychosocial mechanisms of pain]。申请人得到强大的研究环境的支持， 完成项目和专业发展所需的资源，以及富有成效的 在拟议的研究领域具有特定专长的指导小组。

Project Summary/Abstract The overall goal of this proposal is to advance knowledge about pain as a determinant of substance use, particularly alcohol and marijuana use. A substantial body of research indicates that self-medication of pain with alcohol and marijuana (i.e. use to cope with and/or manage pain) is common among pain patients, and epidemiological and observational studies suggest that pain can act as a potent motivator of substance use. Initial experimental evidence suggests that pain can increase urge and intention to consume alcohol, yet this relationship has not been replicated using clinically-relevant pain induction methods with greater ecological validity than typical experimental pain approaches. Further, despite similar pain-inhibitory effects and co- occurring use patterns of alcohol and marijuana, current research has not simultaneously examined the proximal effects of pain on alcohol and marijuana use. Thus, the proposed work will attempt to determine whether experimentally-induced musculoskeletal pain (i.e., delayed onset muscle soreness; DOMS) may increase alcohol and marijuana demand among co-users. An experimental study will be conducted, during which regular co-users of marijuana and alcohol will be assigned to either a DOMS (high-intensity eccentric exercise) or sham DOMS control condition (low-intensity concentric exercise). Overall, the proposed project has two specific aims: 1) to confirm that DOMS results in increased demand for alcohol and marijuana; and to investigate race and sex as moderating factors of this association, and 2) to identify psychosocial risk factors associated with change in demand for alcohol and marijuana after DOMS induction. Results may be used to assist in identification of pain patients at risk for hazardous alcohol and marijuana use. They may also inform development of novel interventions for reducing risk of substance use disorders, particularly among those with pain. The proposed training plan will provide the applicant with additional training beyond that included in her PhD program. Specifically, training goals include 1) hands-on training for experimental research approaches, including musculoskeletal pain induction, 2) coursework in the application of behavioral economic principles to health behaviors in addition to didactic training in administration and analysis of behavioral economic measures, 3) training in advanced statistical approaches, 4) development of professional development skills, and [5) [formal training in neuropharmacology of alcohol and marijuana use, as well as biopsychosocial mechanisms of pain]. The applicant is supported by a strong research environment with the necessary resources for completion of the project and professional development, as well as a productive mentoring team with specific expertise in the proposed areas of study.