A Pilot Trial to Prevent Intoxicated and Impaired Driving Among Adolescents

摘要 酒精和大麻（AM）是美国青少年最常用的物质。 AM使用的后果明显高于单独使用任何一种物质。青少年倾向于 在驾驶时从事多种危险行为，加上他们对时机的相对缺乏经验， 大麻的作用持续时间使他们面临更高的风险，因为他们在驾驶时会受到伤害。 影响力的社会16岁时开始酗酒和酗酒的高峰期，法律的年龄的青少年可以申请一个 临时驾照在一些州因此，针对这些新手青少年司机之前，执照是一个 预防工作的理想时间，重点是减少酒精和/或大麻的开始，使用和受损 开车这项研究建立在有效的干预措施的基础上，这些干预措施已经证明酒精和/或 大麻的使用和减少的后果一年后，并建议调整这些干预措施之一， 网络聊天（web-CHAT）。我们将在15.5-16岁的青少年中评估网络聊天的有效性 青少年（n=150）招募时，他们参加了在汽车俱乐部的方向盘后面的培训， 南加州（AAA）。这项研究有可能通过改善青少年的健康状况来促进公共福利。 健康结果和减少危险驾驶行为，这些行为可能会产生巨大的金钱和社会成本， 以及通过提供独特的见解，什么介导减少危险的驾驶态度行为之间的人， 干预。这项研究是创新的，因为它是为年轻人谁是在危险的物质使用以及 作为那些谁不是，它是在一个可教的时刻，当青少年接受司机的交付 教育我们还与领先的青年驾驶员教育提供商AAA合作，该公司提供在线 AAA和非AAA课程在全国范围内。最后，我们的研究可以提供独特的见解 关于网络聊天在以下情况下减少吸食大麻、使用和危险驾驶态度的功效 不断变化的大麻政策气候我们建议进行一项为期三年的研究， 驾驶员教育设置和试点的有效性网络聊天。我们将测试网络聊天是否会减少酒精 和/或大麻的开始或使用，并减少危险的驾驶态度和行为（意图驾驶后， 饮酒/使用，与饮酒/使用的人一起的乘客）与UC的青少年相比，在3个月和6个月时 随访我们提出了一个关键的，时间敏感的干预在驾驶员教育。这项建议使我们能够 建立我们的招募和研究工作流程的可行性，同时建立接受度和有效性 在不同的青少年群体中进行网络聊天。

ABSTRACT Alcohol and marijuana (AM) are the most commonly used substances among adolescents in the U.S. The consequences of AM use are significantly higher relative to use of either substance alone. Teens’ propensity to engage in multiple risky behaviors while driving combined with their relative inexperience with the timing and duration of marijuana’s effects puts them at heightened risk for experiencing harms related to driving under the influence. Marijuana use initiation and binge drinking peak at age 16, the legal age teens may apply for a provisional driver’s license in some states. Thus, targeting these novice teen drivers prior to licensure is an ideal time for prevention efforts focused on reducing alcohol and/or marijuana initiation, use, and impaired driving. This study builds on effective interventions that have demonstrated reductions in alcohol and/or marijuana use and reduced consequences one year later, and proposes to adapt one of those interventions, CHAT, to the web (web-CHAT). We will evaluate the efficacy of web-CHAT among 15.5-16-year-old adolescents (n=150) recruited when they are attending behind-the-wheel training at the Automobile Club of Southern California (AAA). The study has the potential to promote public welfare by improving adolescent health outcomes and reducing risky driving behaviors that can have substantial monetary and social costs, as well as by providing unique insight into what mediates reduced risky driving attitudes behaviors among those in the intervention. The study is innovative because it is for both youth who are at risk for substance use as well as those who are not, and it is delivered during a teachable moment when adolescents receive driver’s education. We also collaborate with a leading provider of youth driver education, AAA, which provides online curriculum to AAA and non-AAA programs across the country. Finally, our study can provide unique insights about the efficacy of web-CHAT to reduce marijuana initiation, use, and risky driving attitudes in the context of a changing marijuana policy climate. We propose a 3-year study to test the feasibility of our procedures in a driver education setting and pilot the efficacy of web-CHAT. We will test whether web-CHAT reduces alcohol and/or marijuana initiation or use, and reduced risky driving attitudes and behaviors (intent to drive after drinking/using, passenger with someone who drank/used) compared to teens in UC, at three and six-month follow-up. We propose a crucial, time-sensitive intervention during driver education. This proposal allows us to establish the feasibility of our recruitment and study workflows, while also establishing acceptance and efficacy of web-CHAT among a diverse group of adolescents.