School Wildfire Smoke Preparedness

项目摘要 野火烟雾是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，事件延伸到学年。儿童 很容易受到细颗粒物的健康影响，细颗粒物是野火烟雾的主要成分。然而，数据 充分了解并告知学校室内空气污染的基本公共卫生决策， 缺乏野火事件。该项目旨在为学校建立一个科学合理的工具包， 在空气污染严重之前，可以在教室中进行细颗粒物渗透 （准备），利用低成本传感器技术的进步。一个关键目标是了解 学校决策者对数据需求的看法，以便设计使用低成本传感器的工具包， 产生对学校、空气质量和当地卫生人员有用的数据，并为 有意义的决策。低成本的细颗粒物传感器将被放置在户外和多个 在受细颗粒物（包括野火烟雾）影响地区的6所学校的室内地点， 至少6个月。为了校准传感器数据，在基线和空气质量差期间，传感器将暂时 与金标准细颗粒物重量采样器配对。一项分析， 共享的时间趋势将用于量化室内空间之间细颗粒物的变化- 学校，并评估基线和空气质量差时期之间的变化。客房访问 模拟不同频率和持续时间的监测空气质量，并与长期平均值进行比较 趋势，以评估可能对学校实用的假设短期空气监测访问的准确性。 研究结果将在个别访谈中与学校，当地卫生和空气质量人员分享。 访谈将侧重于个人对研究结果的看法，以及数据的足够准确性， 支持决策制定（例如，在野火烟雾期间避免某些教室，增加空气净化器）和可行性 空气监测。人员观点将为2个工具包的设计提供信息，其中包括学校手册， 复杂性和准确性各不相同的应用。最终用户知情的工具包将在2所新学校进行重新测试， 与最终用户的进一步讨论将产生2个最后的循证实用工具包。本研究 促进NIEHS的愿景，通过使学校能够减少儿童的接触，以预防疾病和残疾 支持战略计划主题2：促进转化-数据转化为知识， 行动上补充培训计划建立在申请人在空气污染传感器方面的基础经验之上 与部落民族和服务不足的社区一起进行应用和社区参与的研究，以及 支持向独立调查员过渡。申办者和联合申办者是已确立的研究 合作者以及申请人的导师。他们带来了全国公认的领导地位， 空气污染和社区参与的研究以及通过其网络致富的机会。

Project Abstract Wildfire smoke is an increasing public health concern with episodes extending into the school year. Children are vulnerable to health impacts of fine particulate matter, a major component of wildfire smoke. Yet data to adequately understand and inform essential public health decision-making on school indoor air pollution during wildfire events are lacking. This project seeks to establish a scientifically-sound toolkit for schools to estimate fine particulate matter infiltration in classrooms that can be done prior to poor air pollution episodes (preparedness), capitalizing on advances in low-cost sensor technology. A key objective is to understand school decision-makers’ perspectives on data needs in order to design toolkits for using low-cost sensors that produce data that are useful to school, air quality, and local health personnel and provide confidence for meaningful decision-making. Low-cost fine particulate matter sensors will be placed outdoors and in multiple indoor locations at 6 schools in regions impacted by fine particulate matter, including wildfire smoke, for at least 6 months. To calibrate sensor data, during baseline and poor air quality periods, sensors will temporarily be paired with gold standard fine particulate matter gravimetric samplers. An analysis accounting for the shared temporal trend will be used to quantify variation in fine particulate matter between indoor spaces within- school, and assess how the variation changes between baseline and poor air quality periods. Room visits to monitor air quality of various frequencies and durations will be simulated and compared to long-term average trends to assess the accuracy of hypothetical short term air monitoring visits that may be practical for schools. Study results will be shared with school, local health, and air quality personnel during individual interviews. Interviews will focus on personnel perspectives on the study results and on adequate accuracy for data to support decision-making (e.g. avoid certain classrooms during wildfire smoke, add air cleaners), and feasibility of air monitoring. Personnel perspectives will inform the design of 2 toolkits that include manuals for schools to use that vary in complexity and accuracy. The end-user informed toolkits will undergo re-test in 2 new schools, and further discussion with end-users will yield 2 final evidence-based practical toolkits. This research promotes NIEHS’ vision to prevent disease and disability by enabling schools to mitigate children’s exposures to fine particulate matter, and supports Strategic Plan theme 2: Promoting Translation – Data to Knowledge to Action. A complementary training plan builds on the applicant’s foundational experience in air pollution sensor applications and community-engaged research with Tribal Nations and underserved communities, and supports transition to independent investigator. The Sponsor and Co-Sponsor are established research collaborators as well as established mentors for the applicant. They bring nationally recognized leadership in air pollution and community-engaged research and opportunities for enrichment through their networks.