Early education and later achievement: The impact of COVID-19 on educational attainment of African American children

项目总结 这项研究的重点是研究广泛的社会经济领域的非裔美国儿童 身份(SES)，避免了仅对低收入非裔美国儿童进行检查时固有的困惑。 在拟议的研究中，认知过程(流体推理、执行功能和结晶 知识)在课堂质量(情感支持、课堂组织、 和教学支持)、师生关系(温暖和冲突)以及家庭环境 在不同经济水平的人中阐明阅读和数学成绩的决定因素的激励 非洲裔美国儿童的样本。这项研究的一个主要目的也是考察新冠肺炎的影响 关于非裔美国儿童的教育成就。这项研究是一项自然的实验，涉及 对最初评估的198名非洲裔美国儿童的不同经济样本的纵向随访 在他们的学前班、幼儿园和小学早期，以及一群新的儿童 由于新冠肺炎的原因，他们在学龄前一年经历了中断。拟议的研究将有一个 对改善非裔美国儿童的教育成果产生重大影响 理解影响儿童阅读和数学成绩的环境过程 服务不足的人口。研究结果可用于开发治疗、干预或 关于幼儿发展和对这一未充分研究人口的教育的政策，因此 为增进这个国家儿童的健康和结果作出贡献。

PROJECT SUMMARY The research focuses on examining African American children across a broad range of socioeconomic statuses (SES), avoiding the inherent confound in examination of only low-income African American children. In the proposed research, cognitive processes (fluid reasoning, executive functioning, and crystallized knowledge) are examined within the context of classroom quality (emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support), student-teacher relationships (warmth and conflict), and home environmental stimulation to elucidate determinants of reading and math achievement among an economically diverse sample of African American children. A primary aim of the research is also to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the educational attainment of African American children. The research is a natural experiment involving longitudinal follow-up of an economically diverse sample of 198 African American children originally assessed in their preschool, kindergarten, and early elementary school years and a new cohort of children who experienced a disruption in their preschool year due to COVID-19. The proposed research will have a significant impact on improving educational outcomes in African American children by enhancing our understanding of the child x environment processes that influence reading and math achievement in this underserved population. Results of the research can be used in developing treatments, interventions, or policies concerning early childhood development and education for this understudied population, thereby contributing to enhancing the health and outcomes of children in this nation.