Prejudice, Mental Health, and Substance Use Among Gender Minority Emerging Adults with Binary and Nonbinary Gender Identities

项目摘要/摘要 性别少数(GM)个人的性别与他们出生时分配的性别不同，包括个人 具有二元性别身份(例如，变性人男性、变性人女性)和非二元性别身份。 非二元GM个体在性别二元之外认同社会上对两个离散性别的信仰： 女人和男人。与二进制转基因个体相比，非二进制转基因个体可能面临更高的风险 由于暴露于与非二进制相关的污名而导致的物质使用和不利的心理健康。 尽管一些研究检查了非二进制GM成人的心理健康状况，但还没有研究 具有交叉少数民族的二元和非二元GM新发成年人的心理健康和物质使用 身份。建议的研究将少数重音理论和交叉性理论相结合，以提出 非二进制转基因个体，特别是那些具有其他少数民族身份(例如，种族/民族或性别)的人 少数人)可能在不同的环境中经历偏见事件(歧视、暴力)，这可能 对他们的健康造成不利影响。研究偏见事件与健康之间的关系 非二进制转基因新出现的成体对于确定缓冲 关于物质使用和心理健康的偏见事件。这些关联将通过分析以下内容来检验 现有数据来自二进制和非二进制GM新兴成年人，年龄在18-25岁之间，来自2015年美国。 变性调查(N=12,958)。这项拟议的研究旨在：1)比较偏见的普及率 二元GM和非二元GM在多个环境中的事件、物质使用和心理健康结果 按出生性别、种族/民族和性取向划分的新兴成年人。我们预计非二进制的 与二元转基因相比，转基因个体会报告更多的偏见事件、药物使用和不良心理健康 个人(H1)，持有其他少数群体身份的通用汽车个人将报告更多偏见事件， 与不具有其他少数群体身份的转基因个人相比，药物使用和不良心理健康(H2)。 2)调查偏见事件对物质使用和心理健康结果的影响 非二进制GM新兴成人。我们预测，偏见事件将与物质的增加相关联 使用和不利的心理健康(H3)，并且这些关联在非二进制GM中将更强 二进制转基因个体(H4)，以及持有其他少数群体身份的转基因个体 不具有其他少数群体身份的通用汽车个人(H5)。3)检查作为调节因素的保护因素 二元和非二元GM的偏见事件与物质使用和心理健康的关系 新兴的成年人。我们预计，保护性因素将缓解偏见事件对 二元和非二元转基因个体的物质使用和心理健康(H6)。由此得出的结论 研究将显著提高我们对偏见事件对健康的不利影响的理解 二进制和非二进制GM新出现的成年人具有交叉的少数族裔身份。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Gender minority (GM) individuals have a different gender than their sex assigned at birth, including individuals with binary gender identities (e.g., transgender man, transgender woman) and nonbinary gender identities. Nonbinary GM individuals identify outside of the gender binary, the societal belief in two discrete genders: woman and man. Compared to binary GM individuals, nonbinary GM individuals may be at increased risk for substance use and adverse mental health due to exposure to stigma associated with being nonbinary. Although some research has examined mental health among nonbinary GM adults, no research has examined mental health and substance use among binary vs. nonbinary GM emerging adults with intersecting minority identities. The proposed research integrates Minority Stress Theory and Intersectionality Theory to propose that nonbinary GM individuals, particularly those with other minority identities (e.g., racial/ethnic or sexual minority), may experience prejudice events (discrimination, violence) across different settings, which may adversely affect their health. Examining associations between prejudice events and health among binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults is critical to identifying protective factors that buffer the adverse effects of prejudice events on substance use and mental health. These associations will be examined via analysis of existing data from binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults, ages 18-25 years, from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (N=12,958). The proposed research aims to: 1) Compare the prevalence of prejudice events in multiple settings, substance use, and mental health outcomes between binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults by sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. We anticipate that nonbinary GM individuals will report more prejudice events, substance use, and adverse mental health than binary GM individuals (H1), and that GM individuals who hold other minority statuses will report more prejudice events, substance use, and adverse mental health than GM individuals who do not hold other minority statuses (H2). 2) Investigate the impact of prejudice events on substance use and mental health outcomes among binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults. We predict that prejudice events will be associated with increased substance use and adverse mental health (H3), and that these associations will be stronger among nonbinary GM individuals than binary GM individuals (H4), and among GM individuals who hold other minority statuses than GM individuals who do not hold other minority statuses (H5). 3) Examine protective factors as moderators of associations between prejudice events and substance use and mental health among binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults. We expect that protective factors will moderate the adverse effects of prejudice events on substance use and mental health among both binary and nonbinary GM individuals (H6). Findings from this study will significantly improve our understanding of the adverse impact of prejudice events on the health of binary and nonbinary GM emerging adults with intersecting minority identities.