Cohort Differences in Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: Education Effects and Sex Differences

项目摘要 认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症的患病率为 预计将随着人口老龄化而上升，但这一趋势可能会因以下人口统计过程而改变 队列更替。确定人口老龄化、周期性转移和队列的相对贡献 因此，对总体趋势的过程对于准确估计和预测流行率和 认知功能障碍和ADRD的发生率。然而，该领域缺乏有效的评估方法。 队列成员的独特影响。拟议研究的主要目标是开发一种新的 方法和分析多队列纵向数据集，以识别队列变异和性别差异 认知障碍和ADRD，以及教育效果在队列和性别群体之间的差异。目标1 是开发一个急需的年龄-时期-队列模型来准确和可靠地估计队列差异 在认知障碍和ADRD方面。目标2是确定认知障碍的性别差异和 队列之间和队列内的ADRD。AIM 2中拟议的调查将有助于确定一系列风险和 对男性和女性的保护因素是分开的。目标3是阐明教育在多大程度上 对认知和ADRD的影响可能在出生队列之间以及男性和女性之间有所不同。这个 在AIM 3中提出的研究将提供关于教育如何与年龄相关的互动的重要线索 认知和非认知过程的改变延缓ADRD的发生和发展。 该项目具有创新性，因为方法论开发可以产生可靠和高效的 对队列相关变异的估计。队列效应对认知和ADRD的估计精度为 通过利用多个纵向队列研究和借用分布信息进一步改进 适用于小样本。这项拟议的研究还将分析婴儿潮的两个纵向数据集 评估他们的生命过程中认知障碍和ADRD的途径。 PI在队列分析和人口统计流程方面拥有专业知识。协管人是一名神经学家， 专门从事与ADRD相关的生物社会因素领域。该项目的跨学科团队已经 有必要的方法和实质性的专门知识领域，因此最适合完成 目标1-3。

Project Summary The prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is projected to rise as the population ages, but the trends may be altered by the demographic process of cohort replacement. Determining the relative contribution of population aging, periodical shift, and cohort process to the overall trend is thus critical for accurate estimation and projection of the prevalence and incidence rates of cognitive impairment and ADRD. However, the field lacks a valid method for assessing the unique effects of cohort membership. The major goal of the proposed research is to develop a novel method and analyze multi-cohort longitudinal datasets to identify cohort variations and sex differences in cognitive impairment and ADRD and how education effects vary between cohorts and sex groups. Aim 1 is to develop a much-needed age-period-cohort model to accurately and reliably estimate cohort differences in cognitive impairment and ADRD. Aim 2 is to determine sex differences in cognitive impairment and ADRD between and within cohorts. The proposed investigation in Aim 2 will help identify a set of risk and protective factors separately for men and women. Aim 3 is to elucidate the degree to which education effects on cognition and ADRD may differ between birth cohorts and between men and women. The proposed research in Aim 3 will provide important clues about how education may interact with age-related changes in cognitive and non-cognitive processes to delay the onset and development of ADRD. The project is innovative in that the methodological development can produce reliable and efficient estimates of cohort-related variations. The estimation accuracy of cohort effects on cognition and ADRD is further improved by leveraging multiple longitudinal cohort studies and by borrowing distribution information for small samples. The proposed research will also analyze two longitudinal datasets for the Baby Boom cohorts to assess their life-course pathways to cognitive impairment and ADRD. The PI has expertise in cohort analysis and demographic process. The co-I is a neuroscientist and specialized in the areas of ADRD-related biosocial factors. The project's interdisciplinary team has necessary methodological and substantive areas of expertise and is thus ideally positioned to accomplish Aims 1-3.