Cannabis Legalization a Decade Later: A Longitudinal Study of Teens, Young Adults, and Parents in Washington State

在许多州，非医疗(娱乐)大麻的使用现在是合法的。更多的州正在考虑 合法化，尽管目前关于对公共卫生的潜在影响的证据基础薄弱。 这份R01提案寻求5年的资金，以了解：目标1)第一年大麻使用的变化 大麻合法化后十年；目标2)酒精使用、尼古丁使用及其与大麻联合使用的变化 大麻合法化后的大麻；以及目标3)使用大麻是否会产生心理社会后果 合法大麻背景下的变化。这些知识对于为政策提供信息、支持努力保持硬- 自本世纪初以来减少了青少年大麻的使用，并促进成年人负责任地使用大麻。建议数 项目以发展和物质使用的生命历程理论为基础，特别适合于解决 明确的目标。它继续并扩展了西雅图社会发展项目--代际项目 项目(SSDP-TIP)，旨在了解大麻合法化对青少年和家长的影响 大麻和其他药物使用(n=426个家庭，80%居住在华盛顿州)。SSDP-TIP包括父级 来自于1985年开始的另一项正在进行的纵向小组研究，他们最年长的亲生孩子，以及 第二个照顾者(通常是配偶)，如果有空。七波合法化前数据(2002-2011年；平均 2011年儿童年龄=12岁)和三波短期合法化后数据(2015-2017年；#年平均儿童年龄 2017=18)从后代和父母那里获得。拟议的研究将增加三个额外的年度数据 2022年、2023年和2024年合法化后与父母和子女的收藏(2024年平均子女年龄= 25岁；范围：11-36岁)。对于青春期的后代，加速的纵向设计允许我们比较 在合法化前测量的后代，以及在相同年龄测量的较晚出生队列的后代，但 在合法化之后。这允许儿童年龄和政策影响的分离，并有助于理解 大麻合法化对预防的影响是其他研究无法做到的。包括 年轻的成年后代可以检查大麻合法化对使用模式和 从20年代到30年代初的后果。包括父母在内的人允许对后 大麻和其他毒品使用的合法化变化和40年代的后果。SSDP-TIP是唯一 华盛顿州的一项研究，使用10年前年轻人及其父母的纵向数据 合法化。有了拟议的数据收集，它还将延伸到合法化后的12年。这 与大型重复横断面研究相比，前瞻性的纵向设计具有重要的优势 实现合法化和行为改变的因果顺序，解开因以下原因而产生的改变 合法化与时间或年龄的关系，以及对人内和人与人之间变化的研究。调查结果将告知 预防未成年人和有问题的大麻、烟草和酒精使用的时间安排，并有助于澄清 大麻合法化对公共健康的影响。

Nonmedical (recreational) cannabis use is now legal in many states. Additional states are considering legalization, despite the weakness of the current evidence base regarding potential impacts on public health. This R01 proposal seeks 5 years of funding to understand: Aim 1) changes in cannabis use across the first decade following cannabis legalization; Aim 2) changes in alcohol use, nicotine use, and their co-use with cannabis following cannabis legalization; and Aim 3) whether psychosocial consequences of cannabis use change in a legal cannabis context. This knowledge is critical to inform policy, support efforts to maintain hard- won reductions in teen cannabis use since the 2000s, and promote responsible use by adults. The proposed project is grounded in life course theories of development and substance use, and uniquely suited to address stated goals. It continues and expands upon the Seattle Social Development Project-The Intergenerational Project (SSDP-TIP), which aims to understand the impact of cannabis legalization on youth and parent cannabis and other drug use (n = 426 families, 80% living in Washington State). SSDP-TIP includes a parent drawn from another ongoing longitudinal panel study that began in 1985, their oldest biological child, and a second caregiver (usually the spouse) when available. Seven waves of pre-legalization data (2002-2011; mean child age in 2011 = 12) and three waves of short-term post-legalization data (2015-2017; mean child age in 2017 = 18) from offspring and parents are available. The proposed study will add three additional annual data collections post-legalization in 2022, 2023, and 2024 with parents and offspring (mean offspring age in 2024 = 25; range: 11-36 years). For adolescent offspring, the accelerated longitudinal design allows us to compare offspring measured before legalization to offspring from later birth cohorts measured at the same ages, but after legalization. This permits the disentangling of child age and policy effects, and facilitates understanding of the implications of cannabis legalization for prevention in ways that other studies cannot. The inclusion of young adult offspring allows examination of the impact of cannabis legalization on patterns of use and consequences across the 20s and into the early 30s. The inclusion of parents permits examination of post- legalization changes in cannabis and other drug use and consequences across the 40s. SSDP-TIP is the only study in Washington State with longitudinal data from youth and their parents beginning 10 years before legalization. With the proposed data collections, it will also stretch to 12 years post-legalization. This prospective, longitudinal design provides important advantages over large, repeated cross sectional studies by enabling causal ordering of legalization and changes in behavior, disentanglement of change due to legalization versus time or age, and study of both within- and between-person change. Findings will inform the timing of efforts to prevent underage and problematic cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol use and help to clarify public health impacts in the context of cannabis legalization.