Using real-time data capture to examine affective mechanisms as mediators of physical activity adherence in interventions

项目摘要 癌症仍然是导致死亡的主要原因。在美国，大约42%的癌症病例可能是 可避免的，包括15%由超重和缺乏身体活动引起的。然而，大多数美国成年人 身体不活跃。公共卫生指南建议结合活动强度，频率， 持续时间，以实现至少150分钟/周的中等至剧烈强度体力活动的“剂量”。而 这种方法产生健康益处，但它未能解决可能导致 可持续性，如行为过程中的情感体验。为了促进长期维护，证据- 需要基于策略的描述如何将影响纳入身体活动 建议.虽然有些人在体育活动中体验到快乐，但它可能非常 对其他人来说是不愉快的，特别是超重和不活跃的人。激励突显理论提出 情感反应（例如，喜欢，不喜欢）在行为期间影响充满情感的动机（例如， 想要，害怕）参与未来的行为。然而，改变这些情感机制是否是一种 增加体力活动的有效干预方法尚不清楚。使用一种实验性药物 这项第一阶段的试验将测试情感机制是否可以通过实验来操纵 以及情感机制是否介导了干预对身体健康的影响。 在癌症风险升高的成年人中的活动行为。路径将通过日常自我测试- 使用交互式移动的技术在身体不活跃的成年人（18-65岁）中提供监管干预 年，或有积年，或有积年。在基于情感的情况下，自我调节策略将针对日常目标 与身体活动中的享受和感觉良好有关。相比之下，基于强度的条件将针对 在体力活动期间的每日心率目标。对基于情感的条件的两个增强是：（1）定制 满足个人重要心理需求的活动类型和情境建议;（2）品味 在体育活动中增加积极情绪的显著性的做法。形成性研究（N=36）将 在内容的可接受性和可行性方面迭代地测试和改进治疗实施， 交付、使用和参与。随后，一项为期16周的比较研究（N=280）将优化 使用析因（x之间）交叉设计的治疗效果。情感机制和身体 活动将在日常生活中使用实时生态瞬时评估（EMA）进行测量， 加速度计，分别。具体目标是：（1）实验性操纵情感的测试治疗 机制，（2）确定情感机制是否介导治疗对身体活动的影响， （3）探讨跨人、跨情境的调节效应，如自我调节能力， 情境因素总的来说，这项研究是有影响力的，因为它满足了系统的明确需求。 将基本行为科学过程转化为新的健康行为干预措施。

PROJECT SUMMARY Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. Approximately 42% of cancer cases in the U.S. are potentially avoidable, including 15% caused by excess body weight and physical inactivity. However, most U.S. adults are physically inactive. Public health guidelines recommend combinations of activity intensity, frequency, and duration to achieve a “dose” of at least 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. While this approach produces health benefits, it fails to address features of physical activity that may lead to sustainability such as emotional experiences during behavior. To promote long-term maintenance, evidence- based strategies are needed describing how affect can be incorporated into physical activity recommendations. Although some people experience pleasure during physical activity, it can be extremely unpleasant for others, especially among overweight and inactive individuals. Incentive salience theory proposes affective responses (e.g., liking, disliking) during behavior influence affectively-charged motivations (e.g., wanting, dreading) to engage in future behaviors. However, whether modifying these affective mechanisms is a useful intervention approach for increasing for physical activity is unknown. Using an experimental medicine approach, this Phase 1 trial will test whether affective mechanisms can be experimentally manipulated in real-world settings and whether affective mechanisms mediate the effects of interventions on physical activity behavior among adults who are at elevated cancer risk. Pathways will be tested through a daily self- regulation intervention delivered using interactive mobile technology among physically inactive adults (18-65 years) who are overweight or obese. In an affect-based condition, self-regulation strategies will target daily goals related to enjoyment and feeling good during physical activity. In contrast, an intensity-based condition will target daily heart rate goals during physical activity. Two enhancements to the affect-based condition are: (1) tailored activity type and context recommendations to satisfy personally important psychological needs and (2) savoring practices to increase the saliency of positive emotions during physical activity. A Formative study (N=36) will iteratively test and refine the treatment implementation in terms of acceptability and feasibility of the content, delivery, usage, and engagement. Subsequently, a 16-week Comparison study (N=280) will optimize the treatment effects using a factorial (within x between) cross-over design. Affective mechanisms and physical activity will be measured in daily life using real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry, respectively. Specific aims are (1) test treatments to experimentally manipulate affective mechanisms, (2) determine whether affective mechanisms mediate effects of treatments on physical activity, and (3) explore cross-person and cross-situation moderating effects such as self-regulatory capacity and situational factors. Overall, this study is impactful because it fulfills an explicit need for the systematic translation of fundamental behavioral science processes into new health behavioral interventions.