RFA-CE-22-004, Understanding personal, social network, and neighborhood environmental contributors to firearm access and violence among young adults experiencing homelessness

项目摘要/摘要 枪支风险，包括直接和间接受害于枪支暴力、实施枪支暴力、 以及枪支的获取和携带，是全美一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。 15岁至24岁年轻人的相关伤害比例为每10万人中有17.7人受伤，是各年龄段中第二高的伤害 组。无家可归的年轻人特别容易受到暴力的伤害。大约4.2 每年有数以百万计的青年无家可归。在PI使用7年YEH的数据进行的一项研究中 在美国主要城市中，超过45%的人一生中经历过枪支袭击，17%的人有过 他们一生中有过枪支暴力行为，34%的人很容易获得枪支。几乎什么都不知道 关于个人、社交网络和邻里环境特征，这些特征可能与 叶莉的枪支暴力暴露、接触和携带枪支的倾向。此外，目前的干预措施 (例如，以学校为基础的干预措施)不太可能适用于他们的无家可归情况，甚至不适用于他们。 从社会生态角度了解叶氏的枪支风险将提供关键信息 为YH提供初级和次级枪支暴力预防策略。这项提议是对以下问题的回应 RFA-CE-22-004，防止与枪支有关的暴力和伤害的研究补助金(R01)，具体 解决目标一(研究以提高对枪伤的认识，并为发展提供信息 创新和有希望的预防策略)，鼓励检查可修改的个人和 易受伤害人口中枪支暴力、受害和犯罪的社会环境因素。 该项目将调查个人、社会网络和邻里环境特征 与叶诗文的枪支风险相关，并研究他们的社交网络在缓解这些风险方面可能发挥的作用 通过减弱或加剧个人和邻居的影响而产生的风险。根据资金情况 备选方案B，这个为期3年的项目将使用横断面调查设计进行初步数据收集，使用 在洛杉矶县的收容中心，叶诗文进行了计算机辅助的、面对面的结构化采访， 加利福尼亚州和密苏里州大圣路易斯地区。遵循先前经过验证的程序，这项研究将 我还使用了Google Street View的新用途来虚拟收集周围基于块的环境数据 年轻人经历无家可归的地方。叶氏的个人特征将包括个人 背景特征(例如，无家可归史、精神健康、药物使用)。社交网络 构成将包括成员类型、感知的成员规范和行为。邻里环境 将包括社会和身体特征以及整体邻里混乱。如此全面的 了解我们最脆弱的、小型化的和历史上看不见的人口将使 开发创新的干预措施，帮助叶诗文保持健康和安全，免受与枪支有关的伤害、死亡、 和犯罪。

Project Summary/Abstract Firearm risks, which includes direct and indirect victimization of firearm violence, firearm violence perpetration, and firearm access and carrying, is an urgent public health issue across the U.S. The death rate from firearm- related injuries among youth aged 15 to 24 stands at 17.7 per 100,000 – the second highest across age groups. Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are especially vulnerable to violence. Approximately 4.2 million youth experience homelessness each year. In one study conducted by the PI using data from YEH in 7 major cities across the U.S., over 45% had experienced firearm victimization in their lifetime, 17% had perpetrated firearm violence in their lifetime, and 34% had easy access to a firearm. Virtually nothing is known about individual, social network, and neighborhood environmental characteristics that may be associated with YEH’s firearm violence exposure, access and tendency to carry firearms. Additionally, current interventions (e.g., school-based interventions) are not likely to apply to their homelessness context, nor even reach them. Understanding firearm risks among YEH from a socio-ecological perspective will provide critical information to inform primary and secondary firearm violence prevention strategies for YEH. This proposal is in response to RFA-CE-22-004, Research Grants to Prevent Firearm-Related Violence and Injuries (R01), specifically addressing Objective One (research to improve understanding of firearm injury and inform the development of innovative and promising prevention strategies) that encourages examination of modifiable individual and social environmental factors for firearm violence victimization and perpetration among vulnerable populations. This project will investigate how individual, social network, and neighborhood environmental characteristics are associated with YEH’s firearm risks and examine the role their social network may play in moderating these risks either by attenuating or exacerbating individual and neighborhood influences. In accordance with Funding Option B, this 3-year project will use a cross-sectional survey design to conduct primary data collection using computer-assisted, face-to-face structured interviews from YEH at drop-in centers in Los Angeles County, California and the greater St. Louis, Missouri area. Following previously validated procedures, this study will also employ a novel use of Google Street View to virtually collect block-based environmental data surrounding places where youth experience homelessness. Individual characteristics among YEH will include personal background characteristics (e.g., homeless history, mental health, substance use). Social network compositions will include member types, perceived member norms, and behaviors. Neighborhood environment will include social and physical characteristics as well as overall neighborhood disorder. Such a comprehensive understanding of our most vulnerable, minoritized and historically invisible population will allow for the development of innovative interventions to help keep YEH healthy and safe from firearm-related injuries, death, and crime.