Climate factors, racial/ethnic disparities, and menstrual cycle health

项目总结 月经周期是生理和生殖健康的标志，由荷尔蒙严格控制。 下丘脑、垂体和卵巢之间的信号。月经周期可能会被 导致激素失调和卵巢功能障碍的环境和生物因素。最多的 育龄妇女月经不调的常见原因是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)； 特征包括卵巢功能障碍和雄激素过剩。患有多囊卵巢综合征的女性也有更高的风险 在他们的一生中发展成糖尿病、心脏病、肥胖、血脂异常。 气候因素，如温度，已被证明影响哺乳动物的生殖功能。空气 污染(AP)暴露与加速妊娠丢失、胚胎停滞有关 在培养环境中生长，降低了体外受精的成功率。生命历程的暴露有 不同的潜在生物学机制。据报道，妊娠期AP暴露会减少端粒 出生时的长度。AP暴露和MCC的评估受限于对异种人群的研究 种族/族裔多样性有限，市级人口普查区域一级监测不完整，回溯性收集 周期病史，以及缺乏MCC和PCOS确定11、12。我们还将评估生命过程 暴露于气候因素，包括温度和湿度，以了解它们对MCC的贡献 多囊卵巢综合征的结局和风险。 我们将评估在敏感期内对AP的终身累积暴露和生命周期暴露。 (1)孕期、(2)儿童期/月经前期、(3)成年期，以决定是产前还是成人 暴露会带来最大的风险。我们还将评估AP暴露和MCC结果的差异 SafetyNet医院人口。

PROJECT SUMMARY The menstrual cycle is a marker of physiologic and reproductive health and is tightly controlled by hormone signals between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. The menstrual cycle can be disrupted by environmental and biological factors that cause hormone dysregulation and ovarian dysfunction. The most common cause of irregular menses in reproductive-age women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); hallmark features include ovarian dysfunction and androgen excess. Women with PCOS also have an increased risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, obesity, dyslipidemia across their lifespan. Climate factors, such as temperature, have been shown to affect reproductive function in mammals. Air pollution (AP) exposure has been associated with accelerated time to pregnancy loss, arrested embryonic growth in the culture environment, and reduced success of in vitro fertilization. Life course exposures have differing potential biological mechanisms. Gestational AP exposure has been reported to reduce telomere length at birth. Assessment of AP exposures and MCC are limited by studies of heterogenous populations with limited racial/ethnic diversity, incomplete city-level census tract level monitoring, retrospective collection of cycle history, and lack of MCC and PCOS ascertainment11, 12. We will additionally evaluate life course exposure to climate factors including temperature and humidity to understand their contribution to MCC outcomes and risk for PCOS. We will evaluate cumulative lifetime exposure and life course exposure to AP during the sensitive time windows of (1) gestation, (2) childhood/premenarche, and (3) adulthood to determine whether prenatal or adult exposures confer greatest risk. We will additionally evaluate disparities in AP exposures and MCC outcomes in a SafetyNet hospital population.