Digital Media Messages Targeting Alcohol-involved Bystander Intervention: A Pilot Study

项目摘要 性暴力(SV)和饮酒是美国大学校园里普遍存在的流行病。约25% 的大学女性在大学期间遭到性侵，高达55%的大学生从事重罪 间歇性饮酒(HED；男性饮酒5杯或以上，女性饮酒4杯或更多)。众所周知， 饮酒会增加SV的风险，但最近的研究结果表明，酒精也会抑制旁观者 干预。然而，现有的旁观者行为干预并不包含信息或教授技能 鼓励与酒精有关的旁观者干预(例如，当个人消费时，旁观者干预 酒精或在酒精环境中，如酒吧或派对)，也没有在大学生中测试信息 投身于HED。这项研究旨在通过发展理论驱动的数字媒体来填补这些知识空白 在一次社交媒体干预中传递的信息，旨在增加酒精参与的旁观者干预。 大约84%的大学适龄成年人使用社交媒体。社交媒体已经被用来提供数字媒体 传递信息改变不同公共卫生领域的行为和态度，是鼓励 在发生健康行为和决策的生态环境中的行为。这样做的具体目的是 建议1)开发和制作数字媒体信息(即图片、图像、纯文本内容、视频) 重点关注酒精参与的旁观者干预和2)评估可行性、可接受性和初步 数字媒体信息对饮酒旁观者干预和态度的有效性。我们将进行 重点小组，通报数字媒体信息的发展情况(n=36)，并评估对静态信息的关注 使用眼动跟踪技术对从事高考的大学生(n=30)进行调查。数字媒体消息将 提高人们对何时以及如何干预酒精环境和/或旁观者饮酒的认识。 信息将促进识别涉及酒精的环境中的SV风险情况以及如何安全干预 并且在醉酒或饮酒时有效(例如，鼓励正在饮酒的旁观者“扫视房间”， “制造消遣”，“用流畅的勇气介入”，等等。我们将在试点研究中测试开发的报文 将参加HED的60名大学生随机分为以下几组：1)饮酒 旁观者数字媒体消息或2)注意力匹配的安慰剂数字媒体消息。参与者将查看 并通过Instagram实施为期六周的社交媒体干预，参与数字媒体信息。 可行性将通过社交媒体指标(例如，分享、评论、点赞)、Instagram帖子数量进行评估 意见，以及样本的招募和保留。将评估数字媒体信息的可接受性 通过眼球跟踪任务和自我报告调查，在测试后立即；初步效果将是 在基线、测试后立即和3个月的随访中通过自我报告的调查进行评估。由此得出的结论 创新的R21将通过向可扩展的社交媒体提供信息，为校园SV预防做出重要贡献 干预针对酗酒的旁观者干预。

Project Summary Sexual violence (SV) and alcohol use are pervasive co-occurring epidemics on U.S. college campuses. About 25% of college women are sexually assaulted during college, and up to 55% of college students engage in heavy episodic drinking (HED; 5 or more drinks for men, 4 or more drinks for women). It is well-established that alcohol use increases the risk of SV but, more recently, findings show that alcohol also inhibits bystander intervention. However, existing bystander behavior interventions do not incorporate messages or teach skills encouraging alcohol-involved bystander intervention (e.g., bystander intervention when individuals consume alcohol or are in alcohol contexts such as bars or parties), nor tested messages among college students who engage in HED. This study aims to fill these gaps in knowledge by developing theory-driven digital media messages delivered in a social media intervention that aim to increase alcohol-involved bystander intervention. Approximately 84% of college-aged adults use social media. Social media has been used to deliver digital media messages to change behavior and attitudes in various public health areas and is an ideal way to encourage behavior within an ecological context where health behavior and decisions occur. The specific aims of this proposal are to 1) develop and produce digital media messages (i.e., pictures, images, text-only content, videos) focused on alcohol-involved bystander intervention and 2) assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the digital media messages on alcohol-involved bystander intervention and attitudes. We will conduct focus groups to inform the development of digital media messages (n=36) and assess attention to static messages using eye-tracking technology (n=30) with college students who engage in HED. The digital media messages will raise awareness of when and how to intervene in alcohol contexts and/or when bystanders are drinking. Messages will promote identifying SV risk situations in settings involving alcohol and how to intervene safely and effectively when intoxicated or drinking (e.g., encouraging bystanders who are drinking to "scan the room," "create a diversion," "use that liquid courage to step in," etc.). We will test the developed messages in a pilot study with 60 college students who engage in HED who will be randomized to the following groups: 1) alcohol-involved bystander digital media messages or 2) attention-matched placebo digital media messages. Participants will view and engage with digital media messages in a six-week social media intervention implemented via Instagram. Feasibility will be assessed via social media metrics (e.g., shares, comments, likes), number of Instagram post views, and recruitment and retention of the sample. Acceptability of digital media messages will be assessed through an eye-tracking task and a self-report survey at immediate post-test; preliminary efficacy will be assessed via self-reported surveys at baseline, immediate post-test, and 3-month follow-up. Findings from this innovative R21 will make a critical contribution to campus SV prevention by informing a scalable social media intervention targeting alcohol-involved bystander intervention.