Understanding and Mimicking TCR Recognition with Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies.

摘要 自1978年以来，我的研究目标一直是区分癌细胞的特征， 健康的细胞，以便能够发现和开发安全的，有选择性的， 免疫疗法在这里，我们利用我过去的工作，从原生鼠标演变而来， 抗体，人源化mAb，这些mAb的各种有效缀合物，TCR m抗体， 并最终转化为BiTE表单和CAR表单，以创建最新一代代理， 现在提出的实验。这一科学进步已经持续了30多年。 几十年这项工作是创新的，正如我们的许多治疗第一和超过3 十几项专利，包括：用于治疗急性白血病的人类抗体，靶向α- 粒子疗法，体内α粒子同位素发生器，致癌融合点疫苗， 人TCR模拟针对细胞内致癌蛋白的抗体，最近， 创新的汽车技术，目前正在进行中。几种抗体和疫苗 后期，国家临床试验，如WT 1疫苗，Galenpepimut和我们的alpha 发生器-林妥珠单抗。但现在，我们如何实现真正的癌症特异性？免疫 系统已经进化出T细胞和TCR作为一个高效和真正的选择性系统，能够 识别来自细胞内部的病毒和突变的细胞内蛋白质。因此在 这个OIA的问题是：是否有可能制造真正的癌症选择性单克隆抗体， 以及各种衍生的分子平台，这些分子平台将通过模拟 TCR？这种方法的障碍和癌症抵抗机制是什么？ 他们被克服了吗？我们如何选择正确的目标表位，同时避免不可避免的偏离- 可能导致毒性的目标？将讨论以下问题：A。目标选择：什么 从生物化学、生物物理学或免疫学的角度来看，最好的表位是什么？是 某些类型的蛋白质或肽的结构的首选？我们如何设计屏幕 TCRm？B。我们能否调节抗原决定簇的表达或抗原呈递 机器？MHC配体通常如何受到这些药物的影响，这很重要吗？ C.预测工具：我们能否开发蛋白质组学和遗传学工具来创建一般规则， 帮助我们挑选抗原决定簇并预测哪些是安全的？D.什么癌症 根据我们所了解的情况，TCRm的治疗平台最有意义 表位的生物学和免疫学，以及该工具的特异性预测 布景？

Abstract The goals of my research since 1978 have been to distinguish the features of cancer cells from healthy cells in order to be able to discover and develop safe and selective, innovative immunotherapies. Here, we leverage my past body of work that has evolved from native mouse antibodies, to humanized mAb, to various potent conjugates of these mAb, to TCRm antibodies, and ultimately to BiTE forms and CAR forms to create the latest generation of agents and experiments now proposed. This scientific progression has been sustained for more than 3 decades. This work is innovative, as noted by our numerous therapeutic firsts and more than 3 dozen patents, including: human antibodies for the treatment of acute leukemia, targeted alpha- particle therapies, in vivo alpha-particle isotope generators, oncogenic fusion point vaccines, human TCR mimic antibodies to intracellular oncogenic proteins, and most recently, various innovative CAR technologies, now in progress. Several of the antibodies and vaccines reached late stage, national clinical trials such as a WT1 vaccine, Galenpepimut, and our alpha generator-Lintuzumab. But now, how do we achieve true cancer specificity? The immune system has evolved the T cell and TCR as a highly efficient and truly selective system capable of recognizing viral and mutated intracellular proteins derived from inside the cell. Therefore, in this OIA the questions are: Is it possible to make truly cancer selective monoclonal antibodies, and various derived molecular platforms, that will be effective therapeutically by mimicking a TCR? What are the obstacles and cancer resistance mechanisms to this approach and how will they be overcome? How do we select the right target epitopes and also avoid inevitable off- targets that may cause toxicity? The following issues will be addressed: A. Target choices: What are the best epitopes from a biochemical, biophysical, or immunological point of view? Are certain classes of proteins or structures of peptides preferred? How do we design screens for TCRm? B. Can we modulate the expression of the epitopes or the antigen presentation machinery? How is the MHC ligandome generally affected by these drugs and is this important? C. Predictive tools: Can we develop proteomic and genetic tools to create general rules and to help guide us to picking epitopes and predicting which may be safe? D. What cancer therapeutic platform for the TCRm makes the most sense in light of what we have learned about the biology and immunology of the epitope, as well as the predictions of specificity from the tool sets?