The Causal Impact of Poverty Reduction on Housing Conditions of Low-Income, U.S. Children and the Role of Housing and Neighborhood Ecosystems on Young Children's Healthy Development

1项目概要/摘要 2负担得起的住房越来越有限，加上联邦租金供应短缺， 符合条件的家庭中的3项援助意味着数百万低收入的美国儿童生活在不稳定和/或不稳定的环境中， 4.高质量住房-与一系列不利儿童健康和发展有关的条件 5成果。低贫困社区缺乏负担得起的住房， 6拥挤的住房条件和/或居住在社区，使儿童暴露在压力，不安全的环境中， 七个月。尽管婴幼儿经历的儿童贫困率最高， 8部分时间在家里，几乎没有证据评估不利的住房和邻居的影响， 9罩条件专门对这个年龄组的健康和发展。此外，由于不到25%的 10.符合条件的、有年幼子女的低收入家庭领取住房救助，有需要了解的 11.其他扶贫项目是否有助于改善这些儿童及其家庭的住房条件。 12拟议的研究旨在解决这些知识差距，并提供科学证据， 13.设计反贫困方案，旨在改善低收入者的早期住房和社区环境， 14收入的孩子通过使用婴儿第一年（BFY）的数据-一项随机对照试验， 每月向低收入的美国母亲及其年幼子女提供15美元的无条件现金转移（UCT）（NICHD 16 R 01 HD 087384）-这项研究将提供对住房和社区生态系统的丰富了解 17个低收入的婴幼儿（0-3岁）居住，以及这些环境如何影响他们的健康发展- 18分钟。目标1估计UCT对住房负担能力、组成、稳定性和质量的因果影响 19使用多元线性回归模型。Aim 2使用控制样本进行潜在类分析， 20确定BFY参与者所经历的住房和社区生态系统的配置，然后评估 21评估这些配置如何影响幼儿（0-3岁）的身体健康，医疗保健的使用， 第22章语言和社会情感发展，以及语言习得。目的3研究了 23个住房和邻里条件对幼儿健康发展的影响使用相同的结果 24项措施作为目标2。 本奖学金申请旨在为PI提供高级统计方法的培训 26个对开展政策和公共卫生研究至关重要的领域，以及最大限度地提高政策相关性的机会 27她的工作，获得进一步的临床经验，并建立专业技能的成功，作为一个学术 28学者她提出的研究，培训计划和高素质的跨学科导师团队将确保 29她有能力实现她的长期目标，成为一名独立的医生，科学家， 30.利用严格的、政策驱动的研究来改善儿童及其家庭的健康和福祉。

1 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT 2 The increasingly limited availability of affordable housing paired with a shortage in provision of federal rental 3 assistance among eligible families means millions of low-income, U.S. children live in unstable and/or substand- 4 ard-quality housing – conditions which have been linked to a range of adverse child health and development 5 outcomes. The lack of affordable housing in low-poverty neighborhoods further contributes to families living in 6 crowded housing conditions and/or residing in neighborhoods that expose children to stressful, unsafe environ- 7 ments. Although infants and toddlers experience the highest rates of childhood poverty and spend a substantial 8 portion of their time at home, there exists little evidence assessing the impact of adverse housing and neighbor- 9 hood conditions specifically on the health and development of this age group. Moreover, as less than 25% of 10 eligible, low-income families with young children receiving housing assistance, there is need to understand 11 whether other anti-poverty programs can help improve housing conditions for these children and their families. 12 The proposed research seeks to address these knowledge gaps and provide scientific evidence to inform 13 the design of anti-poverty programs that aim to improve early housing and neighborhood environments for low- 14 income children. By using data from Baby’s First Years (BFY) – a randomized control trial evaluating the impact 15 of a monthly, unconditional cash transfer (UCT) to low-income, U.S. mothers and their young children (NICHD 16 R01HD087384) – this research will provide a rich understanding of the housing and neighborhood ecosystems 17 low-income infants and toddlers (0-3 years) inhabit and how these environments impact their healthy develop- 18 ment. Aim 1 estimates the causal impacts of the UCT on housing affordability, composition, stability, and quality 19 using a multivariate linear regression model. Aim 2 conducts latent class analysis using the control sample to 20 identify configurations of housing and neighborhood ecosystems experienced by BFY participants and then eval- 21 uates how these configurations influence young children’s (0-3 years) physical health, use of medical care, be- 22 havioral and socioemotional development, and language acquisition. Aim 3 investigates the mediating role of 23 housing and neighborhood conditions on young children’s healthy development using the same outcome 24 measures as Aim 2. 25 This fellowship application is designed to provide the PI with training in advanced statistical methods 26 critical for conducting policy and public health research, as well as opportunities to maximize the policy relevance 27 of her work, gain further clinical experience, and build professional skills critical to success as an academic 28 scholar. Her proposed research, training plan, and highly qualified, interdisciplinary mentorship team will ensure 29 she is well-positioned to achieve her long-term goal of becoming an independent physician-scientist dedicated 30 to using rigorous, policy-driven research to improve the health and well-being of children and their families.