A New Database to Measure the Association Between Income, Race, and Mortality: Inequality in Longevity During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic

其他项目信息-项目概要/摘要 一个新的数据库来衡量收入，种族和死亡率之间的关联： 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间及之后的长寿 健康和预期寿命的收入差距是美国面临的一个核心挑战。最高的- 收入最低的美国男性平均寿命比收入最低的美国男性长近15年; 妇女的相应差距为10年。新型冠状病毒疫情扩大了收入方面的差距， 种族和其他方面。不幸的是，我们目前缺乏关于新冠肺炎死亡率的信息- 19因个人收入而异，因为现有的美国人口死亡率数据缺乏收入信息。 缺乏这些信息阻碍了我们监测COVID-19影响和制定政策的能力 减轻其影响，特别是对弱势群体和得不到充分服务的群体的影响。这个项目 将通过建立一个新的死亡率公共数据库来解决这些挑战， 社会经济和人口统计变量，覆盖整个美国人口。利用这些数据， 研究人员将能够分析COVID-19对各亚组死亡率的不同影响的来源， 目的是了解如何减少大流行病及其他情况下的健康不平等。该项目 三个具体目标。该项目的目标1是发布一个新的按年龄、收入 种族/民族，性别和县，并提供定期年度更新这个数据库。该数据库将 通过连接纳税申报表、十年一次的人口普查和社会保障死亡记录来构建。目标2将 描述2020年COVID-19大流行对按种族和收入划分的死亡率的短期影响- 21.这一分析将衡量由人口贩运造成的超额死亡数量及其分布的差异， 大流行病，并确定产生这些差距的经济和卫生机制。目标3将衡量 大流行后健康、健康行为、劳动收入、税收和转移政策变化的长期影响， 以及种族和社会经济不平等的行为。这组更广泛的分析将使用 大流行病造成的重大破坏，以审查差距扩大或缩小的方式和原因 随着时间总之，该项目将通过提供关键的新数据，为研究和政策工作做出贡献 社会经济地位与健康之间的关系，从而提供一个工具，监测 减轻COVID-19疫情对服务不足社区的影响。

OTHER PROJECT INFORMATION – Project Summary/Abstract A New Database to Measure the Association Between Income, Race, and Mortality: Inequality in Longevity During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic Disparities in health and life expectancy by income are a central challenge for the United States. The highest- income American men live nearly 15 years longer on average than the lowest-income American men; the corresponding gap for women is 10 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified these disparities by income, race, and other dimensions. Unfortunately, we currently lack information on how mortality rates due to COVID- 19 vary with individual income, because available U.S. population mortality data lacks information on income. The absence of this information has hindered our ability to monitor the impacts of COVID-19 and develop policies to mitigate its impacts, particularly on disadvantaged and underserved populations, going forward. This project will resolve these challenges by constructing a new public database of mortality rates incorporating socioeconomic and demographic variables and covering the entire U.S. population. Using these data, researchers will be able to analyze the sources of disparate impacts of COVID-19 on mortality across subgroups, with the aim of understanding how to reduce health inequality in the pandemic and beyond. The project has three specific aims. Aim 1 of this project is to release a new public database of mortality rates by age, income, race/ethnicity, gender and county, and provide recurring annual updates to this database. This database will be constructed by linking from tax returns, the decennial Census, and Social Security death records. Aim 2 will characterize the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality rates by race and income in 2020- 21. This analysis will measure the quantity of excess deaths and disparities in their distribution caused by the pandemic, and identify economic and health mechanisms generating those disparities. Aim 3 will measure the long-term effects of post-pandemic changes in health, health behaviors, labor income, tax and transfer policies, and behaviors on racial and socioeconomic inequality in mortality. This broader set of analyses will use the substantial disruptions generated by the pandemic to examine how and why disparities are growing or shrinking over time. Taken together, this project will contribute to research and policy work by providing critical new data on the relationship between socioeconomic status and health, thereby providing a tool to monitor progress in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in underserved communities.