Understanding Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules: Implications for Child Health and Development

项目摘要/摘要 鉴于劳动力市场发生了重大的结构性变化，母亲的就业经历明显不同。 今天比过去几十年都要多。随着母亲们在过去极大地增加了她们的劳动力参与率 50年来，服务业的发展和“全天候经济”的兴起导致就业岗位的增加。 在传统的周一至周五，上午9点至下午5点以外的工作时间以外的非标准工作时间。目前的高点 产妇非标准工作时间的普遍存在引发了人们对其潜在不利影响的担忧 儿童的健康和发展。然而，之前关于母亲的工作时间表和孩子结果的研究是 过时的，主要依靠1980年代至2000年代初的家庭样本。不稳定的增长 从那时起，在儿童保育和早期教育方面的就业和公共投资表明，母亲的影响 关于母亲与孩子在一起的时间和儿童保育安排的工作时间表，以及最终关于儿童福祉的工作时间表， 也发生了变化。这项拟议的研究旨在进一步了解母亲就业是如何 近几十年来的变化及其对儿童和家庭的影响：(1)记录和解释 过去30年母亲的工作时间和时间表的趋势；(2)评估这些关联如何 在母亲的工作时间安排、母亲陪伴孩子的时间和照看孩子的安排之间，发生了变化 随着时间的推移，以及在儿童保育和早期教育项目上增加公共支出的结果；以及(3) 研究母亲的工作时间安排如何与儿童的健康和发展结果相关联 当代的、具有全国代表性的美国家庭样本，以及测试多个关键调解人 在这些协会中。该项目将就母亲的就业对孩子的影响产生新的发现 健康和发展，对于就如何最好地进行干预作出明智的政策决定是必要的 并支持儿童和家庭在一生中改善健康和福祉。这个K01奖将 为Alejandra Ros Pilarz博士提供成为独立研究人员和领先的 父母就业对儿童健康和发展的影响方面的专家。广泛的研究 基础设施和对早期职业调查人员的支持，丰富的智力环境 人口学和生态学以及贫困问题研究所，以及一支尽职尽责的专家指导团队 在各自的领域使威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校成为完成 拟议的研究和培训活动。拟议的培训计划将允许皮拉兹博士接受 为实现以下职业目标提供指导和指导：(1)在以下方面增加实质性知识 人口学和人口学方法；(2)增加对家庭进程的实质性知识，儿童 健康和儿童中期发展；以及(3)熟练掌握先进的定量方法。这个 K01奖将导致R01提案，该提案建立在皮拉兹博士新获得的实质性知识和 方法技能，并将有助于开启皮拉兹博士作为独立研究员的职业生涯。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Given significant, structural changes in the labor market, mothers' employment experiences differ markedly today than in previous decades. As mothers dramatically increased their labor force participation over the past 50 years, the growth of the service sector and rise of the “24/7 economy” led to an increase in jobs with nonstandard schedules outside of the traditional Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm work week. The current high prevalence of maternal nonstandard work schedules raises concerns about the potential adverse effects on children's health and development. Yet, prior research on mothers' work schedules and child outcomes is outdated, relying predominantly on samples of families from the 1980s to early 2000s. Increases in precarious jobs and public investments in child care and early education since then suggest that the effects of mothers' work schedules on mothers' time with children and child care arrangements, and ultimately on child well-being, have also changed. The proposed research aims to further knowledge on how maternal employment has changed in recent decades and its implications for children and families by: (1) documenting and explaining trends in mothers' work hours and schedules over the past 30 years; (2) assessing how the associations between mothers' work schedules, mothers' time with children, and child care arrangements have changed over time and as a result of increased public spending on child care and early education programs; and (3) examining how mothers' work schedules are associated with children's health and development outcomes in a contemporary, nationally-representative sample of U.S. households, as well as testing multiple, key mediators of these associations. The project will generate novel findings on how mothers' employment matters for child health and development that are necessary for making informed policy decisions about how to best intervene and support children and families to improve health and well-being over the life course. This K01 award would provide Dr. Alejandra Ros Pilarz with the training required to become an independent researcher and leading expert in how parental employment matters for child health and development. The extensive research infrastructure and support for early career investigators, rich, intellectual environment at the Center for Demography and Ecology and Institute for Research on Poverty, and a committed mentoring team of experts in their respective fields make the University of Wisconsin-Madison an ideal environment to complete the proposed research and training activities. The proposed training plan would allow Dr. Pilarz to receive instruction and mentorship toward meeting the following career goals: (1) increasing substantive knowledge in demography and demographic methods; (2) increasing substantive knowledge of family processes, child health, and middle childhood development; and (3) gaining proficiency in advanced quantitative methods. The K01 award will lead to an R01 proposal that builds on Dr. Pilarz's newly-acquired substantive knowledge and methodological skills and will help launch Dr. Pilarz's career as an independent researcher.