Investigation of Digital Media Use, Anxiety, and Biobehavioral Emotion Regulation in Adolescents

项目总结 焦虑症状在青春期达到高峰，据估计，三分之一的青少年经历 18岁前出现明显的临床症状。青春期焦虑增加成年焦虑的风险 疾病，以及包括整体健康和人际功能在内的多个领域的不良结果。 在过去的几十年里，随着数字技术的普及，青少年的社交世界发生了变化 媒体(如社交媒体、消息应用)在日常生活中根深蒂固。青春期焦虑和数字媒体 在整个新冠肺炎大流行期间，使用继续变得越来越普遍，突显出 迫切需要对数字技术使用之间的纵向和机械联系进行严格调查 和心理健康。根据文献中的三个主要差距，拟议的研究将(1)捕捉到年轻人是如何 以促进或破坏社交联系的方式使用数字媒体，(2)检查年轻人何时使用 在日常生活中的瞬间情感和焦虑的背景下的数字媒体，以及(3)解决为什么使用数字媒体 通过研究生物行为、认知和认知之间的机制联系，可能对一些人有利或不利 情感功能、数字媒体使用和焦虑。特别是，青春期是 内隐和外显情绪调节下额叶-皮质下回路的神经发育 我们管理情绪的过程，也是焦虑症的主要预测因素。这项研究将利用 一种创新的多方法(即问卷调查、访谈、反应时间、眼球跟踪、脑电)生物行为 情绪调节评估与人内生态瞬间评估(EMA) 数字媒体使用的日常模式、情绪体验、焦虑症状和情绪调节 以青少年为单位进行纵向测量。我们将通过(1)对青少年情绪调节的优势和弱点进行指数 青少年日常生活中的情境化情绪调节，(2)外显和内隐并重 调节过程，以及(3)捕捉反映快速注意过程的ER的生物行为方面， 认知控制和灵活性。这项工作符合研究领域标准倡议，以调查 在生态有效的环境中通过整合多个 领域[(负价(潜在威胁)、认知系统(注意、控制)、社会过程 (交流、连通性)、唤醒(情感状态)]和跨分析单元(生理学、 行为、范例、自我报告)。这项研究与美国国立卫生研究院的战略计划相一致，强调 需要阐明技术和媒体使用在发展中的作用，并将有助于实现NIMH的目标 2通过进一步询问与青少年焦虑症状轨迹相关的生物行为指标。 这项研究的发现有可能阐明数字媒体使用对弱势群体的影响 并向个人提供健康使用技术的建议。

PROJECT SUMMARY Anxiety symptom onset peaks in adolescence, with an estimated one in three teens experiencing clinically-significant symptoms by age 18 years. Adolescent anxiety confers risk for adulthood anxiety disorders, as well as poor outcomes in multiple domains including overall health and interpersonal functioning. Over the past several decades, the social world of teens has been transformed by pervasive use of digital media (e.g., social media, messaging apps) ingrained in daily life. Both adolescent anxiety and digital media use have continued to become increasingly prevalent throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgent need for rigorous investigations of longitudinal and mechanistic links between digital technology use and mental health. Guided by three major gaps in the literature, the proposed study will (1) capture how youth engage in digital media use in ways that facilitate or disrupt social connectedness, (2) examine when youth use digital media in the context of momentary affect and anxiety in daily life, and (3) address why digital media use may be beneficial or detrimental for some by examining mechanistic links among biobehavioral cognitive and affective functioning, digital media use, and anxiety. In particular, adolescence is a critical period of neurodevelopment in frontal-subcortical circuitry underlying emotion regulation, the implicit and explicit processes by which we manage emotions, and a major predictor of anxiety disorders. This study will leverage an innovative, multi-method (i.e., questionnaires, interviews, reaction time, eye-tracking, EEG) biobehavioral assessment of emotion regulation coupled with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of within-person daily patterns of digital media use, emotional experiences, anxiety symptoms, and emotion regulation measured longitudinally in teens. We will index youths' emotion regulation strengths and vulnerabilities by (1) contextualizing emotion regulation within adolescents' daily life, (2) targeting both explicit and implicit regulatory processes, and (3) capturing biobehavioral aspects of ER that reflect rapid attentional processes, cognitive control, and flexibility. This work is in line with the Research Domain Criteria initiative to investigate developmental change within ecologically-valid environments by integrating measurement across multiple domains [(negative valence (potential threat), cognitive systems (attention, control), social processes (communication, connectedness), arousal (affective states)] and across units of analysis (physiology, behaviors, paradigms, self-reports). This research aligns with the NIH-wide strategic plan emphasizing the need to illuminate the role of technology and media use in development and will contribute to NIMH's Objective 2 by furthering the interrogation of biobehavioral indicators related to anxiety symptom trajectories in youth. Findings from this research have the potential to elucidate the impact of digital media use on vulnerable individuals and inform recommendations for healthy technology use.