Leveraging Latinx Adolescents, Photovoice, and Longitudinal Data to Disentangle the Bidirectional Effects of Social Media and Mental Health

项目摘要/摘要 我们提出了一个由两部分组成的综合混合方法项目，以帮助提高我们对社交媒体的理解 为青少年，特别是那些患有精神疾病的青少年创造环境，并进一步追究新技术的责任。 研究记录了同时存在的青少年心理健康危机，其潜在作用的影响喜忧参半 社交媒体：社交媒体已经成为公众心理健康信息的重要来源 不安全内容也很普遍，如污名、网络欺凌和仇恨言论。旨在研究的努力 社交媒体只取得了有限的成功，因为社交媒体数据对每个人来说都是动态和独特的 用户和技术部门的私人拥有/管理；不存在国家/公共档案。此外，还会刮网。 方法(例如，Twitter API)不会产生用于研究的代表性或随机样本，而网络抓取和 Instagram、Snapchat和Instagram上最受青少年欢迎的应用程序目前还没有调查方法 TikTok，或用于捕获西班牙语内容，限制了内部和外部有效性。因此，现有的努力 与拉美裔青少年使用社交媒体的情况不一致 美国需要新的方法，以全面的方式解决这些方法问题， 通过研究了解情况，并适合不同青少年群体周围的生态环境。 为了满足这一迫切需要，拟议的项目寻求一项严格的测试，并进行长期跟踪，参与性 方法，以及定量和定性的方法。此外，为了获得新的因果洞察力和进一步的心理 健康公平目标，这个项目的重点是13-20岁的拉丁裔，以利用整个自然的反事实背景 他们在社交媒体上接触到不同的语言/文化。具体地说，我们将检查暴露于 促进心理健康(目标1)和贬损(目标2)在社交媒体上遇到的关于心理健康的内容 状态，以及这种关系是如何通过建议的精神疾病污名、自我认知和 寻求帮助。按个人(例如，年龄、性别、种族)、家庭(例如，凝聚力)和同龄人(例如，社会 将评估(支助)因素，并根据精神健康状况确定方向性(目标3)。在两个月内实现 第1部分是一项前瞻性队列设计(N=1200)，对社交媒体的使用和使用情况进行三次双周评估 心理健康内容、潜在中介、修饰者/协变量和心理健康状况。第二部分与青年有关 参与行动研究(N=50)与社会之声，一种照相之声的改编，以收集文化 相关社交媒体数据库，用于基于社区的分析。从评估中产生的知识 第1-2部分中的数据将通过确定特定问题和目标，共同为干预建议提供信息 在社交媒体和心理健康方面，提示如何最好地利用 创新地促进青少年心理健康的生态环境。建议的项目和团队 实施它将为公众心理健康提供它迫切需要新知识来为项目提供信息， 关于社交媒体的安全和效用的政策和做法，因为它关系到人口的心理健康。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT We propose a two-part integrated mixed-methods project to help improve our understanding of the social media landscape for adolescents, especially those with mental illnesses, and further accountability of new technology. Research has documented a concurrent adolescent mental health crisis with mixed effects of the potential role of social media: social media has become an important source of mental health information for the public yet unsafe content is also prevalent such as stigma, cyber-bullying, and hate speech. Efforts designed to study social media have produced only limited success owing to how social media data is dynamic and unique for each user and privately owned/managed in the tech sector; no national/public archive exists. Further, web-scraping methods (e.g., Twitter API) do not yield representative or random samples for study, and web-scraping and survey methods are not yet available for the most popular apps among adolescents of Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok, or for capturing content in Spanish, limiting both internal and external validity. Extant efforts are thus incongruent with how Latino adolescents use social media more than all other race/ethnic and age groups in the U.S. New approaches are needed that address these methodological problems in a comprehensive fashion that is informed by research and suited to the ecological context surrounding diverse adolescent populations. Responding to this critical need, the proposed project seeks a rigorous test, with long term follow-up, participatory approaches, and both quantitative and qualitative methods. Also, to gain new causal insights and further mental health equity goals, this project focuses on Latinos ages 13-20 to leverage natural counterfactual contexts across their diverse language/cultural social media exposure. Specifically, we will examine the effects of exposure to mental health promoting (Aim 1) and pejorative (Aim 2) content encountered on social media on mental health status, and how this relationship operates via proposed mediators of mental illness stigma, self-perceptions, and help-seeking. Moderation by individual (e.g., age, gender, race), family (e.g., cohesion), and peer (e.g., social support) factors will be assessed, and by mental health status to identify directionality (Aim 3). Achieved in two parts, Part 1 is a prospective cohort design (N=1200) of three biweekly assessments of social media use and its mental health content, potential mediators, modifiers/covariates, and mental health status. Part 2 involves Youth Participatory Action Research (N=50) with SocialsVoice, an adaptation of PhotoVoice, to glean a culturally relevant social media database for community-based analysis. The generated knowledge from the evaluation of data in Parts 1-2 will together inform recommendations for intervention by identifying specific problems and target populations with respect to social media and mental health, cuing how to best leverage the strengths of adolescent ecological contexts to innovatively promote mental health. The proposed project and team to implement it will provide public mental health with critical new knowledge it sorely needs to inform programs, policies, and practices concerning the safety and utility of social media as it relates to population mental health.