Stigma & Behav Hlth in Urban Employers from China & US

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目将涉及美国和中华人民共和国学者之间的合作，研究与行为驱动的健康障碍相关的耻辱对就业相关歧视的影响。患有这三种疾病的人将是这项研究的重点：精神障碍、酒精滥用障碍和艾滋病毒/艾滋病。该研究将在三个城市：芝加哥、北京和香港，使用概率样本来检验雇主的态度和行为（与普通公众相比）。核心研究问题包括：为什么雇主支持对这些疾病的污名化信念，这些态度如何导致拒绝工作机会，以及社会和政治变量如何减轻雇主的态度和行动。首先，将在三个地点（N = 360,120 /城市）对不同样本的雇主进行密集的定性访谈，以探索与雇用有行为健康状况的人相关的态度，观念和行为。本研究的结果将有助于为基于调查的定量研究提供信息，该研究将使用小插图评估策略和析因调查设计（N = 900,300 /城市）来测试雇主对行为驱动型健康状况患者的认知的社会认知模型。这将包括检查雇主对疾病的因果责任归因；障碍的稳定性和可恢复性的归因；对危险的担忧；对无能的担忧；还有对传染的担忧。第三项研究将对代表香港、北京和芝加哥普通公众的样本进行定量调查（N=3,000, 1,000/城市）。最后，将审查社会文化因素（例如，个人主义与集体主义的文化取向）对雇主对待与健康有关的人的态度和行为的影响。这项研究的数据对未来的污名改变项目的发展尤为重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will involve a collaborative endeavor between scholars from the United States and the People's Republic of China to study the effects of stigma associated with behaviorally driven health disorders on employment-related discrimination. People with three such disorders will be the focus of this study: psychotic disorders, alcohol abuse disorders, and HIV/AIDS. The study will examine the attitudes and behaviors of employers (compared to the general public) using probability samples at three urban sites: Chicago, Beijing, and Hong Kong. Central research questions include why employers endorse stigmatizing beliefs about these disorders, how these attitudes result in withholding work opportunities, and how social and political variables mitigate employer attitudes and actions. First, intensive qualitative interviews will be conducted with a diverse sample of employers at the three sites (N =360, 120/city) to explore the relevant attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors related to hiring people with behavioral health conditions. Results from this study will help inform a survey-based quantitative study, which will test social cognitive models of employer perceptions of people with behaviorally driven health conditions using a vignette assessment strategy and factorial survey design (N = 900, 300/city). This will include examination of employer attributions of causal responsibility for the disorder; attributions about the stability and recoverability of the disorder; concerns about dangerousness; concerns about incompetence; and concerns about contagion. A third study will replicate the quantitative survey on samples representing the general public in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Chicago (N=3,000, 1,000/city). Finally, the effects of socio-cultural factors (e.g., individualist vs. collectivist cultural orientation) on employer attitudes and behavior vis-a-vis people with health-related conditions will be examined. Data from this study will be especially important for the development of future stigma-change programs.