FAMILY AND PEER RISK FACTORS FOR PREADOLESCENT DRINKING

描述：(改编自调查者摘要)目前几乎没有 关于酒精使用的流行率或风险因素的可靠信息 在美国的儿童中，几乎所有的研究都是在 初中或更老的样本。然而，确定原因是至关重要的。 有些孩子在这么小的时候就开始喝酒了，因为 问题饮酒和酗酒在晚年到较早开始饮酒。这个 拟议的研究重点是确定 儿童时期开始饮酒，并考察家庭的影响 儿童期中期影响人格发展和同伴风险的因素 影响以后饮酒的因素。早期风险特征应特别注意 有助于预测哪些儿童将进入有问题的饮酒状态 他们进入青春期中后期。链接的确定 父母教养方式与人格发展和同伴风险之间的关系 饮酒因素应允许设计更有效的预防措施 干预措施。 目前的研究集中在两组儿童，他们将进步到 在本研究的青春期前和青春期早期。与此同时，他们 正在从低风险时期进入高风险时期 开始饮酒。基线评估将在大多数 孩子们在屋外试过酒。到这笔赠款结束时 在此期间，近一半的老年人群将开始饮酒。这个 因此，研究的定位是观察这些孩子的转变 变成了实验和更有规律的饮酒方式。 将使用7波加速纵向设计，其中儿童将 每6个月进行一次评估。队列将由400名白人和非洲人组成 孩子年龄在8岁或10岁的美国家庭，谁将是 跟踪至11岁和13岁。家庭将从 使用目标年龄目录抽样的大匹兹堡大都市区 随机数字拨号。非洲裔美国家庭将被过度抽样。年纪较大的 将招募兄弟姐妹(如果有的话)。由于Peer的重要性 对问题行为的启动的影响，以及对 孩子对同伴行为的看法有问题，两个亲密的朋友也会 为每一名参与的儿童招募。采访、家庭互动 观察，和朋友自己报告的数据将在家里收集 来访。家庭、同伴个性和行为风险因素将是 使用这些多方法数据构成。从问题中得出措施 行为理论是对儿童社会化研究的补充。

DESCRIPTION: (adapted from Investigator's abstract) There is currently little solid information on either the prevalence or the risk factors for alcohol use among children in the U.S. Nearly all of the research has been carried out on junior high school or older samples. It is critical, however, to determine why some children begin to drink at such young ages because of the relation of problem drinking and alcoholism in later life to earlier onset of drinking. The proposed research is focused on determination of the risk factors for the childhood initiation of alcohol use, and examination of the influence of family factors in middle childhood on the development of personality and peer risk factors for later alcohol use. Early risk characteristics should be especially useful for predicting which children will move into problematic drinking as they move into middle and late adolescence. Determination of the linkages between parenting practices and the development of personality and peer risk factors foe drinking should permit the design of more effective preventive interventions. The present research focuses on two cohorts of children who will progress into preadolescence and early adolescence during this study. At the same time, they are moving from a period of low risk into a period of high risk for the initiation of alcohol use. The baseline assessments will occur before most of the children have tried alcohol outside the home. By the end of this grant period, nearly half of the older cohort will have initiated alcohol use. The research is therefore positioned to observe the transition of these children into experimentation and more regular patterns of drinking. A 7-wave, accelerated longitudinal design will be used in which children will be assessed every 6 months. Cohorts will consist of 400 White and African American families with a child aged 8 or 10 at baseline, and who will be followed up to ages 11 and 13. Families will be randomly selected from the greater Pittsburgh metropolitan area using targeted-age directory sampling and random digit dialing. African-American families will be over-sampled. An older sibling will be recruited (if available). Due to the importance of peer influence on the initiation of problem behavior, and in recognition of the problems with child perceptions of peer behavior, tow close friends will also be recruited for each participating child. Interviews, family interaction observations, and friend self-reported data will be collected during home visits. Family, peer personality, and behavioral risk factors will be constituted using these multimethod data. Measures are drawn from Problem Behavior Theory as augmented for the study of childhood socialization.