HIV and TB Screening of PNG Marine Organisms

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将主要在巴布亚新几内亚莫尔兹比港的巴布亚新几内亚大学进行。 FIRCA申请的目的是在巴布亚新几内亚大学开发艾滋病和结核病的生物测定筛选程序，以支持从巴布亚新几内亚海洋生物中发现新的天然产物抗艾滋病毒和抗结核病药物。该计划是犹他州大学的爱尔兰教授和巴罗斯教授与巴布亚新几内亚大学的Matainaho教授合作的延伸，旨在从巴布亚新几内亚海洋生物中发现抗癌药物。Matainaho博士目前正在犹他州大学与爱尔兰和巴罗斯博士一起进行休假研究，学习“CEM-TART”艾滋病毒检测。在该系统中，复制缺陷型HIV-1在特别工程化的人类T细胞中复制。T细胞系和病毒已获自NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program。Matainaho博士休假回来后将把这项技术转让回巴布亚新几内亚大学。此外，将根据Alcohol Blue方案制定抗结核药物筛选方案。在初步研究中，在巴布亚新几内亚的米尔恩湾省收集了126种海洋无脊椎动物。已制备微生物浸提液，准备在HIV检测试剂盒中进行筛选。艾滋病毒/艾滋病已成为巴布亚新几内亚的一个严重健康问题。自1987年报告第一例以来，感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的人数已增加到令人震惊的比例，人们担心可能出现严重的艾滋病流行病。2001年6月，巴布亚新几内亚国家艾滋病理事会和卫生部表示，有3 901人艾滋病毒检测呈阳性，约1 366人被证实患有艾滋病。然而，该报告承认，迄今为止估计的艾滋病毒流行率可能在10 000至15 000之间。随着免疫系统的削弱，与艾滋病毒感染有关的结核病问题甚至是一个更严重的威胁和潜在的死亡原因。肺结核被列为巴布亚新几内亚的主要死因。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research will be performed primarily at the University of Papua New Guinea, in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The objective of this FIRCA application is to develop a bioassay screening program for AIDS and TB at the University of Papua New Guinea to support discovery of new natural product anti-HIV and anti-TB agents from PNG marine organisms. This program represents an extension of a collaboration between Professors Ireland and Barrows at the University of Utah and Professor Matainaho at the University of Papua New Guinea to discover anticancer agents from PNG marine organisms. Dr. Matainaho is currently doing sabbatical research with Drs. Ireland and Barrows at the University of Utah to learn the "CEM-TART" HIV assay. In this system, replication defective HIV-1 is replicated in specially engineered human T-cells. The T-cell lines and virus have been obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. Dr. Matainaho will transfer this technology back to the University of Papua New Guinea after he returns from sabbatical. In addition, a screening protocol for anti-TB agents will be established based on the Alamar Blue protocol. In preliminary studies, 126 marine invertebrates were collected in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. Extracts of the organisms have been prepared and are ready to be screened in the HIV assay. HIV/AIDS has become a serious health concern in Papua New Guinea. Since the report of the first case in 1987, the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS has increased to an alarming proportion with fears of a possible serious AIDS epidemic. In June 2001, the Papua New Guinea National AIDS Council and Department of Health indicated that 3901 people have tested positive for HIV, with about 1366 confirmed with AIDS. The report however, acknowledged that the estimated HIV prevalence to date may be between 10,000 to 15,000. With a weakened immune system, the problem of tuberculosis related to HIV infection is even a more serious threat and potential cause of death. Tuberculosis is listed as a main cause of death in PNG.