ENHANCING CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS IN BEANS

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是评估食品级酶是否可以提高豆类中化学预防剂的水平。在美国十大死亡原因中，心脏病、癌症、中风和糖尿病等四种疾病都与高热量、高脂肪、高饱和脂肪、高胆固醇或低膳食纤维的饮食有关。与饮食有关的健康状况每年至少给社会造成2500亿美元的医疗费用和生产力损失。将研究使用食品级酶，以确定是否可以增加豆类中存在的化学预防剂（多酚），如果处理过的豆类的数量和/或抗氧化活性比未处理（对照）的豆类增加25%。该项目的具体目标是：目标1：鉴定、表征、量化和确定未经处理的平托豆、黑豆和海军豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）中存在的与多酚相关的抗氧化活性，以表征豆类中的化学预防剂。目标2：应用纤维素酶专门降解平托豆、黑豆和海军蓝豆的种皮，以减少豆类的纤维网络，这在一定程度上限制了豆类中化学预防剂的可用性。目标3：鉴定，表征，量化和确定纤维素酶处理的平豆，黑豆和海军豆中的抗氧化活性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of this project will assess if food-grade enzymes can enhance the level of chemo preventive agents in legumes. Four of the 10 top causes of death in the United States (US) - heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes - are associated with diets high in calories, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol or too low in dietary fiber. Diet-related health conditions costs society at last $250 billion a year in medical costs and lost productivity. The use of food grade enzymes will be studied to determine if enhancing the chemo preventive agents (polyphenols) that are present in beans is feasible, if the quantity and/or antioxidant activity is increased by 25 percent in treated beans when compared to untreated (control) beans. The specific aims of this project are: Aim 1: Identify, characterize, quantify and determine the antioxidant activity associated with polyphenols present in untreated pinto, black and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to characterize the chemo preventive agents in legumes. Aim 2: Apply cellulases to specifically degrade the seed coat of Pinto, black and navy beans to reduce the fibrous network of beans that is partly responsible for limiting the availability of chemo preventive agents in beans. Aim 3: Identify, characterize, quantify and determine the antioxidant activity present in cellulase-treated pinto, black and navy beans. Pinto, navy and black beans where chosen since they are the top 3 bean varieties produced and consumed in the US. Four test groups that include control beans, conventionally soaked beans; enzyme application by soaking and spraying will be studied. Acidic and neutral extraction systems will be used to quantify total polyphenols and anthocyanins. Antioxidant capacity will be measured by TEAC and ORAC assay. Data will be expressed as an average of triplicate experiments. ANOVA will be used to analyze each test variable to determine significant difference. State of the art techniques will be used to enable completion of this research proposal in the specified time period.