Beyond Household Adverse Childhood Experiences: Applying Mixture Modeling to Investigate the Role of Community Adversity in Youth Neuropsychiatric Development

项目总结/摘要 这项研究是对青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的二次分析。我们的研究 将调查家庭内不良童年经历（ACE）如何与社区共同发生 歧视等逆境经历，以及社区力量如何缓解这些风险 影响青少年早期神经精神发育的保护因素。社区ACE 不成比例地影响到种族/族裔少数的青年，使研究的扩大包括 歧视是公平解决ACE问题的优先事项。本研究将探讨“经典”的家庭ACE 在一个潜在的阶级分析中，他们与十个社区ACE共现：（1）欺凌，（2）目睹 社区暴力，（3）经历社区暴力，（4）枪支暴力，（5）学校暴力，（6） 网络欺凌;以及由于（7）种族/民族，（8）国籍/家庭出身，（9）性别认同而造成的歧视 （女同性恋/男同性恋/双性恋），和（10）体重/体型。然后，我们将使用潜在转换分析来识别ACE 三年的轨迹及其与两种青年神经精神结局的关系： 内化/外化行为和认知。我们将研究种族/少数民族青年之间的差异 考虑到社区ACE的风险，对于种族/族裔少数的年轻人来说， 出生在由于结构性种族主义而处于不利地位的社区。潜在类分析提出了一种新颖的 有机会分析儿童家庭和社区环境中共同发生的ACE，并了解 ACE在青少年神经精神发育中的作用，超越了简单的家庭逆境 这与之前的研究一样。ABCD研究是一个理想的数据集，可以用来克服 方法和概念上的限制，以前的研究ACE已家庭层面， 赤字导向的重点：1）它使用一个国家，人口为基础的样本，允许普遍性; 2）它 衡量家庭和社区的逆境，以便对同时发生的经历进行评价， 特别是歧视，这是很少研究的关系，一套全面的其他ACE; 3）它 衡量社区优势和保护因素; 4）它使我们能够调查这些因素， 早期青春期敏感的发展窗口，以前的ACE研究集中在早期 童年.这项研究的结果将为未来的项目提供信息， ABCD研究的生物标本数据，以更好地了解社区ACE的影响;转向 制定社区干预措施，以减少负面神经精神结局的风险; 同样的方法来研究历史和代际创伤。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This study is a secondary analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Our study will investigate how within-household adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) co-occur with community adversity experiences such as discrimination, and how these risks may be moderated by community strengths and protective factors to affect youth neuropsychiatric development in early adolescence. Community ACEs disproportionately affect youth who are racial/ethnic minorities, making expansion of research to be inclusive of discrimination a priority for addressing ACEs equitably. This study will examine the “classic” household ACEs and their co-occurrence with ten community ACEs in a latent class analysis: (1) bullying, (2) witnessing community violence, (3) experiencing community violence, (4) gun violence, (5) school violence, (6) cyberbullying; and discrimination due to (7) race/ethnicity, (8) nationality/family origin, (9) sexual identity (lesbian/gay/bisexual), and (10) weight/body size. We will then use latent transition analysis to identify ACE trajectories over three years and their relationship to two youth neuropsychiatric outcomes: internalizing/externalizing behavior and cognition. We will look at differences across racial/ethnic minority youth given risks of community ACEs compounded for youth who are racial/ethnic minorities and more likely to be born into disadvantaged communities due to structural racism. Latent class analysis presents a novel opportunity to analyze co-occurring ACEs in a child’s home and community environments and understand the role ACEs play in youth neuropsychiatric development, going beyond a simple count of household adversity experiences as has been done in prior research. The ABCD study is an ideal dataset to leverage to overcome methodological and conceptual limitations of prior research on ACEs that has been household-level and deficits-oriented focused: 1) It uses a national, population-based sample, allowing for generalizability; 2) it measures both household and community adversity to allow for evaluation of co-occurring experiences, particularly discrimination which has been rarely studied in relation to a comprehensive set of other ACEs; 3) it measures community strengths and protective factors; and 4) It allows for us to investigate these factors in the sensitive developmental window of early adolescence where prior ACEs research has focused on early childhood. Findings from this study will inform future projects incorporating novel neuroimaging and biospecimen data from the ABCD study to better understand the impact of community ACEs; shifting toward developing community interventions to reduce risk for negative neuropsychiatric outcomes; and leveraging the same methodology to study historical and intergenerational trauma.